INTERNET-DRAFT S. Legg
draft-legg-xed-roadmap-05.txt eB2Bcom
Intended Category: Standards Track D. Prager
October 20, 2006
The XML Enabled Directory
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Status of This Memo
By submitting this Internet-draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress".
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
Technical discussion of this document should take place on the XED
developers mailing list <xeddev@eb2bcom.com>. Please send editorial
comments directly to the editor <steven.legg@eb2bcom.com>.
This Internet-Draft expires on 20 April 2007.
Abstract
The XML Enabled Directory (XED) leverages existing Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and X.500 directory technology to
create a directory service that stores, manages and transmits
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format data, while maintaining
interoperability with LDAP clients and X.500 agents. This document
introduces the various XED specifications.
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 1]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Conventions .....................................................3
3. Leveraging Existing Specifications ..............................3
4. Incorporating XML Specifications ................................3
5. User Defined Syntaxes ...........................................4
6. Protocols .......................................................5
7. Security Considerations .........................................5
8. Acknowledgements ................................................6
9. IANA Considerations .............................................6
10. References .....................................................6
10.1. Normative References ......................................6
10.2. Informative References ....................................8
1. Introduction
The XML Enabled Directory (XED) framework leverages existing
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [LDAP] and X.500
directory [X.500] technology to create a directory service that
stores, manages and transmits Extensible Markup Language (XML)
[XML10][XML11] format data, while maintaining interoperability with
LDAP clients, X.500 Directory User Agents (DUAs), and X.500 Directory
System Agents (DSAs). This document introduces the various XED
specifications.
The main features of XED (pronounced "zed") are:
- semantically equivalent XML renditions of existing directory
protocols,
- XML renditions of directory data,
- the ability to accept at run time, user-defined attribute syntaxes
specified in a variety of XML schema languages,
- the ability to perform filter matching on the parts of XML format
directory attribute values,
- the flexibility for implementors to develop XED clients using only
their favoured XML schema language.
Section 3 describes how existing directory constructs are mapped into
XML.
Section 4 describes how separately developed XML schema
specifications can be incorporated into directory specifications.
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 2]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
Section 5 discusses how user-defined attribute syntaxes can be
imported into directory schema.
The XML renditions of existing directory protocols are described in
Section 6.
2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
[BCP14].
3. Leveraging Existing Specifications
X.500 is defined in terms of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
[X.680]. LDAP is defined in part in ASN.1 and in part with ad-hoc
syntax definitions, though for the most part the ad-hoc definitions
have an underlying ASN.1 definition through association with X.500.
The XED framework enables data conforming to existing directory data
types in ASN.1 to have an XML representation by defining a set of
ASN.1 encoding rules, the Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER) [RXER]
[RXEREI]. This representation can be accessed in LDAP through a
transfer encoding option [TRANSFER]. Directory data are otherwise
accessed in their XML representation through one of the XED protocols
(Section 6).
4. Incorporating XML Specifications
The XED framework does not aim for a complete specification of the
directory in one schema language (e.g., by translating everything
that isn't ASN.1 into ASN.1, or by translating everything that isn't
XML Schema [XSD0] into XML Schema), but rather seeks to integrate
specifications in differing schema definition languages into a
cohesive whole.
The motivation for this approach is the observation that although
XML Schema [XSD0], RELAX NG [RNG] and ASN.1 are broadly similar, they
each have unique features that cannot be adequately expressed in the
other languages. Thus a guiding principle for XED is the assertion
that the best schema language in which to represent a data type is
the language of its original specification. Consequently, a need
arises for the means to reference definitions not only in different
documents, but specified in different schema languages.
The XED framework defines mechanisms [RXEREI] by which ASN.1
specifications may directly reference XML Schema definitions,
RELAX NG definitions and document type definitions (DTDs)
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 3]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
[XML10][XML11]. This capability is a prerequisite for importing
user-defined non-ASN.1 data types into directory schemas. The
framework also defines how qualified names [XMLNS10][XMLNS11] are
assigned to ASN.1 definitions [ASN.X] so that XML Schema and RELAX NG
documents can reference ASN.1 definitions.
Multi-schema validators conforming to the XED framework will of
course understand and apply references across schema languages.
However, in order to accommodate non-ASN.1 aware validators, RXER has
been specifically designed to facilitate the derivation of a
compatible XML Schema or RELAX NG specification from an original
ASN.1 specification.
XED servers MUST use the original specification (not a translation
into another schema language) when validating any part of an XML
document, whether the markup represents a protocol operation or a
data value to be stored, to ensure the integrity of directory data.
XED clients SHOULD use the original specification to validate but may
instead use a translation, though many XED clients will have no
compelling need to perform validation. That is, they will generate
valid markup as a matter of course, and will rely on XED servers to
only return valid markup. In such cases, translations serve as an
aid to understanding, rather than as a basis for implementation.
5. User Defined Syntaxes
While the creation of user-defined syntaxes for directory attributes
is discouraged by LDAP, it is a central capability of XED.
The ability for users to import schema definitions in the form of
ASN.1 types has been notionally available in X.500 since the second
edition, however the capability has never previously been seriously
supported. In part, this is because a full parser for the ASN.1
language is difficult to write. The XED framework overcomes this
obstacle to the runtime acquisition of ASN.1 definitions by defining
Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) [ASN.X][GSEREIT][XEREIT], a
semantically equivalent XML representation for ASN.1 specifications.
ASN.X completely avoids the inherent ambiguities of the ASN.1
language and is therefore much easier to parse than ASN.1. ASN.X, in
conjunction with RXER, makes ASN.1 a fully-fledged schema language
for XML.
ASN.X is the preferred form for representing user-provided ASN.1
specifications in XED. The XED framework defines additional schema
operational attributes [SCHEMA] to hold ASN.X documents, XML Schema
documents, RELAX NG documents and DTDs, whose definitions may be
referenced in the user-defined syntax definitions [SCHEMA] of new
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 4]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
directory attribute types. The XED framework also extends directory
matching rules [MATCH], and in particular component matching rules
[CMR], to apply to attribute values with a user-defined syntax
specified in an XML schema language other than ASN.1 or ASN.X.
6. Protocols
The Internet Directly Mapped (IDM) protocol [X.519] is a recent
addition to X.500 whereby X.500 protocol operations can be exchanged
between directory agents using TCP/IP [TCP] with minimal
encapsulation.
Protocol operations in the IDM protocol are encoded according to the
Basic Encoding Rules (BER) [X.690] of ASN.1. The XED framework
introduces a new, exclusively XML-based protocol, called the XML
Internet Directly Mapped (XIDM) protocol [XLDAP], which differs from
the IDM protocol only in that the protocol operations are encoded
using RXER [RXER] instead of BER.
Whilst the IDM protocol is amenable to a simple substitution of the
encoding rules to create a uniformly XML formatted protocol
operation, LDAP is not, due to discontinuities in the encoding, i.e.,
places where transfer syntax transitions occur (typically from BER to
LDAP-specific [SYNTAX] and back to BER). A straight application of
RXER to an LDAP operation would inconveniently force directory
attribute values, among other things, to be represented as
hexadecimal strings.
However, within the XED framework the LDAP ASN.1 specification is
transformed to create a new specification without the
discontinuities. Essentially, the bland OCTET STRING [X.680]
containers for directory data items in LDAP are replaced by the open
types [X.681] and specific types used by X.500. The XML Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (XLDAP) [XLDAP] is the result of applying
RXER to instances of the message types of the transformed
specification. Apart from the change in syntax, XLDAP is
semantically equivalent to LDAP.
Since the XED protocols are algorithmically generated from the LDAP
and X.500 specifications, all future extensions to LDAP and X.500
automatically acquire a XED protocol representation.
7. Security Considerations
Since XED is derived from LDAP and X.500 the security considerations
that apply to LDAP and X.500 apply equally to XED.
The XED protocols encode all attribute values using RXER, which does
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 5]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
not necessarily enable the exact BER encoding of an attribute value
to be recovered. Such recovery is needed for the verification of
digital signatures. The XED protocols MUST NOT be used by
applications requiring such recovery.
When interpreting security-sensitive fields, and in particular fields
used to grant or deny access, implementations MUST ensure that any
comparisons are done on the underlying abstract value, regardless of
the particular encoding used.
8. Acknowledgements
The technology described in this document is the product of a
research project begun jointly by Adacel Technologies Limited and
Deakin University, and subsequently refined and completed by eB2Bcom.
9. IANA Considerations
This document has no actions for IANA.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[TCP] Postel, J., "TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL", RFC 793,
September 1981.
[BCP14] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[LDAP] Zeilenga, K., Ed., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP): Technical Specification Road Map", RFC 4510, June
2006.
[RXER] Legg, S. and D. Prager, "Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER)
for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)",
draft-legg-xed-rxer-xx.txt, a work in progress, October
2006.
[RXEREI] Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Robust XML
Encoding Rules (RXER)", draft-legg-xed-rxer-ei-xx.txt, a
work in progress, October 2006.
[ASN.X] Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X)",
draft-legg-xed-asd-xx.txt, a work in progress, October
2006.
[GSEREIT] Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X)
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 6]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
Representation of Encoding Instructions for the Generic
String Encoding Rules (GSER)",
draft-legg-xed-asd-gserei-xx.txt, a work in progress,
October 2006.
[XEREIT] Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X)
Representation of Encoding Instructions for the XML
Encoding Rules (XER)", draft-legg-xed-asd-xerei-xx.txt, a
work in progress, October 2006.
[TRANSFER] Legg, S., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP):
Transfer Encoding Options",
draft-legg-ldap-transfer-xx.txt, a work in progress,
August 2006.
[SCHEMA] Legg, S. and D. Prager, "The XML Enabled Directory: Schema
Operational Attributes", draft-legg-xed-schema-xx.txt, a
work in progress, November 2006.
[MATCH] Legg, S. and D. Prager, "The XML Enabled Directory:
Matching Rules", draft-legg-xed-matching-xx.txt, a work in
progress, November 2006.
[XLDAP] Legg, S. and D. Prager, "The XML Enabled Directory:
Protocols", draft-legg-xed-protocols-xx.txt, a work in
progress, November 2006.
[X.500] ITU-T Recommendation X.500 (08/05) | ISO/IEC 9594-1:2005,
Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection -
The Directory: Overview of concepts, models and services
[X.519] ITU-T Recommendation X.519 (08/05) | ISO/IEC 9594-5:2005,
Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection -
The Directory: Protocol specifications
[XML10] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E. and
F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth
Edition)", W3C Recommendation,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816, August 2006.
[XML11] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E.,
Yergeau, F., and J. Cowan, "Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 1.1 (Second Edition)", W3C Recommendation,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816, August 2006.
[XMLNS10] Bray, T., Hollander, D., Layman, A., and R. Tobin,
"Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition)", W3C
Recommendation,
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 7]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816, August
2006.
[XMLNS11] Bray, T., Hollander, D., Layman, A. and R. Tobin,
"Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition)", W3C
Recommendation,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-names11-20040204, August
2006.
10.2. Informative References
[CMR] Legg, S., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
and X.500 Component Matching Rules", RFC 3687, February
2004.
[SYNTAX] Legg, S., Ed., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP): Syntaxes and Matching Rules", RFC 4517, June 2006.
[X.680] ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-1,
Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
(ASN.1): Specification of basic notation.
[X.681] ITU-T Recommendation X.681 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-2,
Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
(ASN.1): Information object specification.
[X.690] ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8825-1,
Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
(DER).
[XSD0] Fallside, D., and P. Walmsley, "XML Schema Part 0: Primer
Second Edition", W3C Recommendation,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-0-20041028/,
October 2004.
[RNG] Clark, J. and M. Makoto, "RELAX NG Tutorial", OASIS
Committee Specification, http://www.oasis-
open.org/committees/relax-ng/tutorial-20011203.html,
December 2001.
Authors' Addresses
Dr. Steven Legg
eB2Bcom
Suite 3, Woodhouse Corporate Centre
935 Station Street
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 8]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
Box Hill North, Victoria 3129
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 3 9896 7830
Fax: +61 3 9896 7801
EMail: steven.legg@eb2bcom.com
Dr. Daniel Prager
EMail: dap@austhink.com
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 9]
INTERNET-DRAFT The XML Enabled Directory October 20, 2006
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
Note to the RFC Editor: the remainder of this document is to be removed
before final publication.
Changes in Draft 01
The reference for the XED protocols has changed. Some of the text in
Section 6 has been moved to the protocols document.
References for XML Schema and RELAX NG have been added.
Changes in Draft 02
The Directory XML Encoding Rules (DXER) have been renamed to the
Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER).
Changes in Draft 03
The document has been reformatted in line with current practice.
The document "Encoding Instructions for the Robust XML Encoding Rules
(RXER)" has been added to the roadmap. It obsoletes the document
"The XML Enabled Directory: Schema Language Integration".
Changes in Draft 04
ASN.1 Schema has been renamed to Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X).
The documents describing the ASN.X representation of encoding
instructions for GSER and XER have been included in this technical
specification.
Changes in Draft 05
Proposals for translating ASN.1 specifications into XML Schema and
RELAX NG have been removed from this technical specification. They
will be progressed at a later time.
Legg & Prager Expires 20 April 2007 [Page 10]