SIMPLE WG                                                    M. Lonnfors
Internet-Draft                                               E. Leppanen
Expires: May 18, 2007                                              Nokia
                                                            H. Khartabil
                                                                   Telio
                                                           J. Urpalainen
                                                   Nokia Research Center
                                                       November 14, 2006


 Presence Information Data format (PIDF) Extension for Partial Presence
                draft-ietf-simple-partial-pidf-format-08

Status of this Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 18, 2007.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) specifies the
   baseline XML based format for describing presence information.  One
   of the characteristic of the PIDF is that the document always needs
   to carry all presence information available for the presentity.  In



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   some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can
   exist it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported
   information over the network.  This document introduces a new MIME
   type which enables transporting of either only the changed parts or
   the full PIDF based presence information.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Structure of PIDF diff documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     3.1.  'version' attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.2.  'entity' attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  Usage of 'application/pidf-diff+xml' . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     5.1.  Content-type registration for
           'application/pidf-diff+xml'  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     5.2.  URN sub-namespace registration for
           'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff' . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     5.3.  XML Schema Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   6.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   7.  XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   8.  Interoperability Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   10. Internationalization Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   11. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     12.1. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     12.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 17



















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1.  Introduction

   The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) [3] specifies the
   baseline XML based format for describing presence information.  One
   of the characteristic of the PIDF is that the document always needs
   to carry all presence information available for the presentity.  In
   some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can
   exist, it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported
   information over the network.

   This document introduces a new MIME-Type 'application/pidf-diff+xml'
   which enables transporting of either only the changed parts or the
   full PIDF based presence information.  The root element of the
   document distinguishes whether the partial or full PIDF document
   content was transported.

      Note: With this new MIME-Type applications can easily negotiate
      the support of partial updates of presence by using the Accept-
      header.  If PIDF had initially been designed for partial updates,
      a new separate MIME-Type would have been unnecessary.


2.  Conventions

   In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
   "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
   and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1] and
   indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.

   This memo makes use of the vocabulary defined in RFC2778 [2].  In
   addition, the following terms are defined:

   Full presence document: A presence document that contains all the
      presentity's presence information that is available to a
      particular watcher.

   Partial presence document: A presence document that represents a
      fragment of the full presence document.  A partial presence
      documents can only be understood in the context of the full
      presence document, i.e. a partial presence document modifies a
      cached copy of the full presence document.


3.  Structure of PIDF diff documents

   The MIME type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' defines the new content
   type for partial PIDF documents.




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   The XML Schema imports the PIDF [3] schema so that the full PIDF
   document content with the addition of a 'version' attribute can be
   transported.  The root element of the document is then <pidf-full>
   and the 'version' attribute information can be included within it.
   Otherwise the content of <pidf-full> element is exactly the same as
   what would have been if 'application/pidf+xml' content type had been
   used.  Although the XML Schema allows using also <presence> as the
   document root element it is disallowed from applications utilizing
   this document format.

   When only the changes of the presence document are transported, the
   model described in XML patch operations [8] is used.  The root
   element of the document is then <pidf-diff>.  The patch operation
   elements: <add>, <remove> and <replace> allow changing the partial
   content of the cached local copy of the full presence document.  The
   <add> element is used to add new content, the <replace> element
   updates and the <remove> element removes existing content.

   The optional 'version' attribute within the two possible document
   root elements contains a sequence number which is incremented by one
   between subsequent document updates, i.e. a more recent document
   update has a higher 'version' value than the previous one.  This
   number can be used to ensure consistent updates as the recipient of
   the document can use the 'version' number to properly order received
   documents and to ensure that updates have not been lost.  The usage
   of this attribute thus allows "state delta" processing described in
   [9].  Partial notification [16] uses similar model.  This number
   increments independently regardless of whether the <pidf-full> or the
   <pidf-diff> content is transported.  In other words, a single version
   counter is maintained across <pidf-full> and <pidf-diff> documents.

   Implementations using this document format MUST follow guidelines
   specified in the PIDF [3].  Specifically, the XML document MUST be
   well formed and SHOULD be valid.  This specification makes use of XML
   namespaces for identifying presence documents and document fragments.
   The namespace URI for elements defined by this specification is a URN
   [4], using the namespace identifier 'ietf' specified in RFC 2648 [5]
   and extended by RFC3688 [6].  This URN is:

   urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff

3.1.  'version' attribute

   Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain
   a 'version' attribute within the <pidf-diff> and <pidf-full> element.






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3.2.  'entity' attribute

   Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain
   an 'entity' attribute within the <pidf-diff> element.  Its content, a
   presentity URI MUST then be the same as the 'entity' attribute value
   of the <presence> element described in [3].  The usage of this
   presentity URI is described in more detail in section 3.1 of [13].


4.  Usage of 'application/pidf-diff+xml'

   The partial presence document SHOULD only contain those elements or
   attributes that have changed.  However, when there are a lot of
   changes the full presence document content can then be transported
   instead.


5.  IANA Considerations

   This memo calls for IANA to:

   o  register a new XML namespace URN per [6].

   o  register a new content type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' per
      RFC2048 [12].

   o  register a new XML Schema URN per [6].

5.1.   Content-type registration for 'application/pidf-diff+xml'

      Type name: application

      Subtype name: pidf-diff+xml

      Required parameters: none

      Optional parameters: charset
      Indicates the character encoding of enclosed XML.  Default is
      UTF-8.

      Encoding considerations:
      Uses XML, which can employ 8-bit characters, depending on the
      character encoding used.  See RFC 3023 [10], section 3.2.

      Security considerations:
      This content type is designed to carry presence data, which may be
      considered private information.  Appropriate precautions should be
      adopted to limit disclosure of this information.  Please refer to



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      [[[RFCXXXX]]] security considerations section for more
      information.

      Interoperability considerations: none

      Published specification: [[[RFCXXXX]]]

      Applications which use this media type: SIP-based presence systems

      Additional information:

         Magic Number: None

         File Extension: .xml

         Macintosh file type code: "TEXT"

      Personal and email address for further information: Jari
      Urpalainen, jari.urpalainen@nokia.com

      Intended usage: LIMITED USE

      Restrictions on usage: Presence [3] based systems.

      Author:
      This specification is a work item of the IETF SIMPLE working
      group, with mailing list address <simple@ietf.org>.

      Change controller: IETF.

5.2.  URN sub-namespace registration for
      'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff'

      URI:
      urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff

      Description:
      This is the XML namespace for XML elements defined by
      [[[RFCXXXX]]] to describe the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' content
      type for partial PIDF.

      Registrant Contact:
      IETF, SIMPLE working group, <simple@ietf.org>
      Jari Urpalainen, <jari.urpalainen@nokia.com>

   XML:





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     BEGIN
         <?xml version="1.0"?>
         <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
         "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
         <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
         <head>
              <meta http-equiv="content-type"
              content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
              <title>PIDF extension for partial PIDF</title>
         </head>
         <body>
             <h1>Namespace for PIDF extension for partial
                  notifications</h1>
             <h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff</h2>
             <p>See <a href="[[[URL of published RFC]]]">
             RFCXXXX</a>.</p>
          </body>
          </html>
     END

5.3.  XML Schema Registration

   This section registers a new XML Schema.

      URI:
      urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:pidf-diff

      Registrant Contact:
      IETF, SIMPLE working group, <simple@ietf.org>
      Jari Urpalainen, <jari.urpalainen@nokia.com>


6.  Examples

   An 'application/pidf-diff+xml' document that contains the full state
   presence information:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
          xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
          xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
          xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid"
          xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps"
          xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
          entity="pres:someone@example.com"
          version="567">

    <tuple id="sg89ae">



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     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <c:servcaps>
      <c:audio>true</c:audio>
      <c:message>true</c:message>
      <c:video>false</c:video>
     </c:servcaps>
     <contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact>
    </tuple>

    <tuple id="cg231jcr">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <contact priority="1.0">im:pep@example.com</contact>
    </tuple>

    <tuple id="r1230d">
     <status>
      <basic>closed</basic>
     </status>
     <ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage>
     <ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon>
     <ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card>
     <contact priority="0.9">sip:pep@example.com</contact>
    </tuple>

    <note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>

    <dm:person id="p123">
     <r:activities>
      <r:on-the-phone/>
      <r:busy/>
     </r:activities>
    </dm:person>

    <dm:device id="u600b40c7">
     <c:devcaps>
      <c:mobility>
       <c:supported>
        <c:mobile/>
       </c:supported>
      </c:mobility>
     </c:devcaps>
     <dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
    </dm:device>




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   </p:pidf-full>


   An example partial update document with the <pidf-diff> root element:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <p:pidf-diff
        xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
        xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
        xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
        xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
        entity="pres:someone@example.com"
        version="568">

   <p:add sel="presence/note" pos="before">
    <tuple id="ert4773">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <contact priority="0.4">mailto:pep@example.com</contact>
     <note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted
          between the last tuple and person element</note>
    </tuple>
   </p:add>

   <p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='r1230d']/status/basic/text()"
      >open</p:replace>

   <p:remove sel="*/d:person/r:activities/r:busy" ws="after"/>

   <p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='cg231jcr']/contact/@priority"
      >0.7</p:replace>

   </p:pidf-diff>


   An updated local composition presence document after applying the
   patches:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
          xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
          xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
          xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid"
          xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps"
          xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
          entity="pres:someone@example.com"
          version="568">



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    <tuple id="sg89ae">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <c:servcaps>
      <c:audio>true</c:audio>
      <c:message>true</c:message>
      <c:video>false</c:video>
     </c:servcaps>
     <contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact>
    </tuple>

    <tuple id="cg231jcr">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <contact priority="0.7">im:pep@example.com</contact>
    </tuple>

    <tuple id="r1230d">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage>
     <ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon>
     <ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card>
     <contact priority="0.9">sip:pep@example.com</contact>
    </tuple>

    <tuple id="ert4773">
     <status>
      <basic>open</basic>
     </status>
     <contact priority="0.4">mailto:pep@example.com</contact>
     <note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted
         between the last tuple and note element</note>
    </tuple>

    <note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>

    <dm:person id="p123">
     <r:activities>
      <r:on-the-phone/>
     </r:activities>
    </dm:person>

    <dm:device id="u600b40c7">
     <c:devcaps>



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      <c:mobility>
       <c:supported>
        <c:mobile/>
       </c:supported>
      </c:mobility>
     </c:devcaps>
     <dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
    </dm:device>

   </p:pidf-full>



7.  XML Schema

   The XML schema for the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' data format.  The
   included schema "urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:xml-patch-ops" is defined
   in [8] and the PIDF Schema "pidf.xsd" is imported from [3].

































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   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <xsd:schema
       targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
       xmlns:tns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
       xmlns:pidf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
       xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
       elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <!-- include xml-patch-ops type definitions -->
    <xsd:include
         schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:xml-patch-ops"/>

    <!-- import PIDF definitions -->
    <xsd:import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
                schemaLocation="pidf.xsd"/>

    <!-- partial updates -->
    <xsd:element name="pidf-diff">
     <xsd:complexType>
      <xsd:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
       <xsd:choice>
        <xsd:element name="add" type="tns:add"/>
        <xsd:element name="replace" type="tns:replace"/>
        <xsd:element name="remove" type="tns:remove"/>
       </xsd:choice>
      </xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
      <xsd:attribute name="entity" type="xsd:anyURI"/>
     </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>

    <!-- full PIDF in addition to optional version -->
    <xsd:element name="pidf-full">
     <xsd:complexType>
      <xsd:complexContent>
       <xsd:extension base="pidf:presence">
        <xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
       </xsd:extension>
      </xsd:complexContent>
     </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>

   </xsd:schema>








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8.  Interoperability Considerations

   Systems compliant with CPP [11] will not be by default able to use
   this specification.  However, this will not cause any
   interoperability problems because all endpoints and gateways must
   support the default MIME type (application/pidf+xml) regardless if
   they support this specification.  Thus if a gateway or another end
   point does not understand this specification it will not be used.  In
   SIMPLE based systems use of this MIME type is negotiated using SIP
   content type negotiation mechanism as specified in partial
   notification [16].

   Other CPP compliant (other than SIP based) systems can also support
   this specification if they have a mechanism to indicate support for
   it.  If they do it is possible to build a gateway which will preserve
   end-to-end integrity with usage of partial PIDF.


9.  Security Considerations

   All security considerations identified for PIDF [3] apply unchanged
   for this document as presence information may contain highly
   sensitive information.  In addition, once the partial content is
   transformed, a malicious man-in-the-middle may easily mess up the
   patching process.  The protocol used to distribute this content
   SHOULD ensure privacy, message integrity and authentication.
   Furthermore, the protocol SHOULD provide access controls which
   restrict who can see who else's presence information.


10.  Internationalization Considerations

   The PIDF [3] format is represented in XML which performs all
   character processing in terms of the Universal Character Set (UCS).
   Conformant XML processors MUST support both UTF-8 and UTF-16
   encodings of the UCS.  UTF-8 is the RECOMMENDED encoding of this
   partial presence format.


11.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Jose Costa-Requena, Jyrki Aarnos,
   Jonathan Rosenberg, Dean Willis, Miguel Garcia, Krisztian Kiss, Ben
   Cambell, Robert Sparks, Anders Kristenssen, Aki Niemi and Jon
   Peterson for their valuable comments and contributions.


12.  References



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12.1.  Normative references

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]  Day, M., Rosenberg, J., and H. Sugano, "A Model for Presence and
        Instant Messaging", RFC 2778, February 2000.

   [3]  Sugano, H., "CPIM presence information data format", RFC 3863,
        May 2003.

   [4]  Moats, R., "URN syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.

   [5]  Moats, R., "A URN namespace for IETF documents", RFC 2648,
        Aug. 1999.

   [6]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", RFC 3688, BCP 81,
        January 2004.

   [7]  Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
        Registration Procedures", RFC 4288, BCP 13, Dec. 2005.

   [8]  Urpalainen, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch
        Operations Framework Utilizing XML Path Language (XPath)
        Selectors",  draft-ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops-02, March 2006.

12.2.  Informative references

   [9]   Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
         Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.

   [10]  Murata, M., "XML media types", RFC 3023, January 2001.

   [11]  Peterson, J., "Common Profile for Presence (CPP)", RFC 3859.

   [12]  Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose Internet
         Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures",
         RFC 2048, November 1996.

   [13]  Rosenberg, J., "A Data Model for Presence", RFC 4479,
         July 2006.

   [14]  Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P., and J. Rosenberg,
         "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence Information
         Data Format (PIDF)", RFC 4480, December 2005.

   [15]  Schulzrinne, H., "CIPID: Contact Information in Presence
         Information Data Format", RFC 4482, July 2006.



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   [16]  Lonnfors, M., Costa-Requena, J., Leppanen, E., and H.
         Khartabil, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) extension for
         Partial Notification of Presence Information",
          draft-ietf-simple-partial-notify-07 (work in progress),
         July 2006.














































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Authors' Addresses

   Mikko Lonnfors
   Nokia
   Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180
   Helsinki
   Finland

   Phone: +358 71 8008000
   Email: mikko.lonnfors@nokia.com


   Eva Leppanen
   Nokia
   P.O BOX 785
   Tampere
   Finland

   Phone: +358 7180 77066
   Email: eva-maria.leppanen@nokia.com


   Hisham Khartabil
   Telio
   P.O. Box 1203 Vika
   Oslo
   Norway

   Phone: +47 2167 3544
   Email: hisham.khartabil@telio.no


   Jari Urpalainen
   Nokia Research Center
   Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180
   Helsinki
   Finland

   Phone: +358 7180 37686
   Email: jari.urpalainen@nokia.com











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