Ellhniko CD-Writing HOWTO
Winfried Tromper <winni@xpilot.org>
v2.4.1, 16 Dekembrioy 1997
To keimeno ayto asxoleitai me thn diadikasia eggrafhs CDs katw apo
Linux.
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Eisagwgh
1.1 Apokhryjh Dikaiwmatwn
1.2 Proteinomeno Diabasma
1.3 Orologia... lasers at maximum ... fire (Shm. ametafrasto)!
1.4 Yposthrizomena CD-Writers
1.5 Yposthrizomena "xarakthristika"
1.6 Mailinglists
1.7 Dia8esimothta
1.8 Peri ths Ellhnikhs Metafrashs
2. Etoimasia toy Linux-koytiou sas gia eggrafh CD-ROMs
2.1 Egkatastash toy ylikou (hardware)
2.2 Shmeiwsh sthn eggrafh CDs katw apo Linux
2.3 Dhmioyrghste tis genikes syskeyes
2.4 Energopoihste th xrhsh twn
2.5 Xtisimo kai egkatastash toy pyrhna
2.6 Epanekkinhste ton ypologisth gia na egkyropoih8oun oi allages.
2.7 Dhmioyrgia twn syskeywn
2.8 Promh8eyteite to logismiko gia eggrafh twn CDs
2.8.1 Roytines grammhs-entolwn
2.8.2 Ena grafiko user interface (proairetiko).
3. "Ean streceis ton eayto soy pros ton kapno, den 8a stamathsw na to diaskedazw oso 8a kaigesai."
3.1 Ka8oriste se pia genikh syskeyh scsi (scsi device) einai proskollhmenos o eggrafeas
3.2 Mazecte to logismiko
3.3 Apo8hkeysh twn dedomenwn sto CD.
3.4 Dhmioyrghste ena susthma arxeiwn iso9660
3.5 Elegjte to CD-image
3.6 Sxolia gia ta kena diskakia CD-Recordable
3.7 Eggrafh toy CD-image se ena CD
3.8 An kati paei straba...
4. Syxna Diatypwmenes Erwthseis kai Apanthseis
4.1 "Poso eyais8hth einai h diadikasia toy kacimatos;"
4.2 "Exei h diaspora (fragmentation) asxhmo antiktypo sto ry8mo rohs;"
4.3 "Einai dynaton na apo8hkeusw to CD-image se ena susthma arxeiwn UMSDOS;"
4.4 "Den yparxei kapoios tropos na jeperasw toys periorismous toy iso9660;"
4.5 "Pws na diabasw kai na gracw CD Hxoy;"
4.6 "Pws na cajw gia tis syskeyes SCSI meta thn ekkinhsh;"
4.7 "Einai dynato na kanw 1:1 antigrafh enos CD;"
4.8 "Mporei to Linux na diabasei Joliet CDs;"
4.9 "Pws diabazw/prosartw CD-ROMs me to CD-writer;"
5. Epilysh Problhmatwn
5.1 De doyleuei: katw apo Linux
5.2 De doyleuei: katw apo DOS kai filoys toy
5.3 La8h toy SCSI kata th fash ths eggrafhs (kacimatos)
6. Eyxaristies
______________________________________________________________________
1. Eisagwgh
H prwth moy empeiria me Eggrafeis CD (CD Writers) jekinhse me to
"Linux CD Writer mini-HOWTO" toy Matt Cutts <cutts@cs.unc.edu>.
Eyxaristw Matt!
Parolo poy h pro8esh moy htan mono na anaba8misw to keimeno toy, to
janaegraca apo thn arxh, afou syneidhtopoihsa posa polla allajan apo
to 1994.
1.1. Apokhryjh Dikaiwmatwn
EGW (O Winfried Truemper) APARNOYMAI OPOIADHPOTE EGGYHSH SXETIKA ME
AYTO TO KEIMENO, SYMPERILAMBANOMENWN KAI TWN EMMESWN EGGYHSEWN PERI
EMPOREYSIMOTHTAS KAI KALHS LEITOYRGIAS GIA KAPOION SKOPO. SE KAMIA
PERIPTWSH DEN 8A EIMAI YPOLOGOS GIA KAMIA EIDIKH, EMMESH H
SYNEPAGOMENH BLABH, H OPOIADHPOTE BLABH GENIKOTERA POY ODHGEI SE
APWLEIA XRHSHS, DEDOMENWN H KERDWN, EITE APO PRA3H SYMBOLAIOY, AMELEIA
H ALLH PRA3H EPIZHMIA KAI PROKYPTEI APO H SE SYNDYASMO ME TH XRHSH
AYTOY TOY KEIMENOY.
En syntomia: Diabaste to kai xrhsimopoihste to me diko sas risko.
1.2. Proteinomeno Diabasma
To CD-R FAQ <http://www.cd-info.com/CDIC/Technology/CD-R/FAQ.html>
einai ena geniko FAQ gia compact-disk recordables (CD-R).
To Linux CD-ROM HOWTO ejhgei ta panta poy prepei na jerei kaneis gia
toys odhgous CD-ROM katw apo Linux. San symplhrwma, mporei na 8elhsete
na rijete mia matia sto Linux SCSI HOWTO kai sto Linux Kernel HOWTO.
1.3. Orologia... lasers at maximum ... fire (Shm. ametafrasto)!
To CD-ROM einai akrwnumio gia Compact Disc Read Only Memory (Mnhmh
Mono Anagnwshs Sympagous Diskoy), ena meso apo8hkeyshs poy
xrhsimopoiei ena optiko laser gia na entopisei mikroskopikes opes se
enan ashmenio astraftero disko. (To astraftero ashmenio proerxetai apo
mia epistrwsh aloyminioy poy einai to feron (carrier).) Oi trupes
antiproswpeuoyn ta bits ths plhroforias (me kapoio tropo) kai einai
toso mikra poy merika disekatommuria apo ayta xwrane panw sto disko.
Etsi, to CD einai ena meso mazikhs apo8hkeyshs (mass-storage medium).
O oros CD-R einai mia suntmhsh gia to CD-ROM recordable (eggracimo CD)
kai anaferetai se ena CD poy den exei aytes tis "mikroskopikes opes"
sthn epifaneia toy... kai gi' ayto einai adeio.
Anti gia thn aloyminenia epistrwsh (ashmenia), ena CD-R exei mia
eidikh tainia (film) (xrwmatisth) sthn opoia oi "mikroskopikes opes"
mporoun na dhmioyrgh8oun me kacimo. Ayto ginetai dynato sto laser, to
opoio fysiologika mono anagnwrizei tis opes, ligh perissoterh dunamh
wste na kacei nees opes. Ayth h energeia mporei na ginei mono mia fora
ana a CD-R.
Mporeite na afhsete ejw merikes perioxes gia metepeita eggrafh, parola
ayta, dhmioyrgwntas ena multi-session CD.
Ayto to mini-HOWTO asxoleitai me th diadikasia eggrafhs enos CD-R.
Loipon "Kalws epibibasthkate, kapetanie".
1.4. Yposthrizomena CD-Writers
H leptomerhs lista twn montelwn poy anaferontai pws (de) doyleuoyn
epityxws einai dia8esimh sto
<http://www.shop.de/cgi-bin/winni/lsc.pl>
H lista 8a symperilambanetai se mellontikes ekdoseis aytou toy mini-
HOWTO. Ta perissotera SCSI cd-writers yposthrizontai kai oi newteres
ekdoseis toy cdrecord yposthrizoyn akoma kai ATAPI cd-writers.
An to yliko sas den yposthrizetai, mporeite kai pali na
xrhsimopoihsete to Linux gia na dhmioyrghsete mia eikona (image) toy
metepeita CD alla 8a prepei na xrhsimopoihsete logismiko DOS gia na
gracete thn eikona sto CD-R. [Mporei na 8elete na to kanete ayto,
epeidh ta perissotera logismika gia DOS de mporoun na antimetwpisoyn
ta megala onomata arxeiwn (long filenames) poy yparxoyn sto Linux.]
Se ayth thn periptwsh mporeite na parakamcete ola ta 8emata sxetika me
to yliko (ayta gia tis Syskeyes SCSI genikou tupoy kai ta
cdwrite/cdrecord).
1.5. Yposthrizomena "xarakthristika"
Pros to paron, to logismiko gia na kaiei CDs katw apo Linux (den)
yposthrizei ta parakatw kuria xarakthristika :
Feature cdwrite-2.1 cdrecord-1.7
--------------------------------------------
ATAPI support no yes
Multisession only partial yes
RockRidge yes (mkisofs) yes (mkisofs)
El Torito yes (mkisofs) yes (mkisofs)
HFS yes (mkhybrid) yes (mkhybrid)
Joliet yes (mkhybrid) yes (mkhybrid)
To RockRidge einai mia epektash gia na epitrepei megalutera onomata
arxeiwn kai ba8uterh ierarxhsh directory . To El Torito mporei na
xrhsimopoih8ei gia thn paragwgh ekkinhsimwn (bootable) CDs. Parakalw
deite th synodeytikh tekmhriwsh gia perissoteres leptomereies gia ayta
ta eidika xarakthristika. To HFS epitrepei se ena macintosh na
diabasei to CD-ROM san na htan mia perioxh (volume) tupoy HFS. To
Joliet dinei megala onomata arxeiwn (metaju allwn pragmatwn) se
merikes ekdoseis Windows (95, NT).
To tmhma 2.8 anaferei th dia8esimothta twn parapanw logismikwn.
1.6. Mailinglists
An 8elete na symmetasxete sthn omada anaptyjhs (me pro8esh na toys
_boh8hsete_ energa), steilte ena e-mail sto
cdwrite-request@pixar.com
kai balte th lejh subscribe sto kurio meros (body) toy mhnumatos mes
sage.
1.7. Dia8esimothta
Oi newteres ekdoseis aytou toy keimenoy einai panta dia8esimes sto
<http://www.shop.de/~winni/linux/cdr/>
1.8. Peri ths Ellhnikhs Metafrashs
Gia sxolia, parathrhseis, dior8wseis, enhmerwseis peri ths Ellhnikhs
metafrashs aytou toy HOWTO, steilte email sthn Boula Sanida :
voulariba@hellug.gr h ston Eyripidh Papakwsta : evris@hellug.gr kai
enallaktika : ep@rocketmail.com
2. Etoimasia toy Linux-koytiou sas gia eggrafh CD-ROMs
Prin to Noembrio toy 1997, to logismiko gia Linux den yposthrize ATAPI
cd-writers. San apotelesma, h trexoysa ekdosh aytou toy HOWTO
epikentrwnetai sthn antimetwpish twn syskeywn SCSI.
Ta kala nea einai, pws h antimetwpish twn syskeywn ATAPI einai polu
eykoloterh kai mporeite akoma na xrhsimopoieite ayto to HOWTO an
jexasete tis "Syskeyes SCSI genikou tupoy".
Gia na breite pws apey8uneste se syskeyes ATAPI mporeite na dwsete thn
entolh cdrecord -scanbus.
Mellontikes ekdoseis aytou toy HOWTO 8a periexoyn perissoteres
leptomereies gia antimetwpish twn ATAPI cd-writers.
2.1. Egkatastash toy ylikou (hardware)
Katebaste ton H/Y sas, kleiste ton kai kremaste to CD writer sto
diaylo SCSI. Bebaiw8eite pws o diaylos SCSI einai termatismenos
(terminated) katallhla kai dialejte mia eleu8erh taytothta 8eshs SCSI
(SCSI-ID) gia ton eggrafea. Koitajte to Linux SCSI-HOWTO an den
eisaste sigoyroi. An den exete apolutws kamia idea gia ayta, rwthste
enan eidiko.
Trofodothste jana me reuma kai elegjte ta mhnumata poy to BIOS toy
elegkth (controller) SCSI typwnei amesws meta to anoigma toy reumatos.
An den anagnwrisei to writer sas, phgainete pali pisw sto bhma (b).
8a prepei na deite ena mhnyma san
[leipei h eikona ; exei kaneis kapoio stigmiotypo o8onhs (screenshot)
apo ayto;]
2.2. Shmeiwsh sthn eggrafh CDs katw apo Linux
Se anti8esh me kapoies fhmes, o pyrhnas toy Linux-kernel _den_ apaitei
dior8wsh (patch) gia na gracei se CDs. Parolo poy to arxeio
drivers/scsi/scsi.c apo ton kwdika toy pyrhna periexei tis grammes
case TYPE_WORM:
case TYPE_ROM:
SDpnt->writeable = 0;
Ayto shmainei mono pws ta CDs kai ta WORMs den einai eggracima mesw
twn klassikwn syskeywn (devices) /dev/sda-/dev/sdh - pragma to opoio
einai entajei.
Anti na xrhsimopoihsete aytes tis syskeyes gia eggrafh twn CDs ginetai
mesw twn apokaloumenwn Syskeywn SCSI genikou tupoy poy epitrepoyn
sxedon ta panta - akoma kai thn eggrafh se CDs.
2.3. Dhmioyrghste tis genikes syskeyes
The Linux SCSI-HOWTO says about generic SCSI-devices:
O odhgos Genikwn syskeywn SCSI parexei ena interface gia
apostolh entolwn SCSI pros oles tis syskeyes SCSI - diskoys,
tainies, CDROMs, mhxanikes syskeyes allaghs meswn (media
changer robots), klp.
Milwntas gia tis genikes syskeyes (devices) san interfaces shmainei
pws parexoyn enan enallaktiko tropo prospelashs sto SCSI yliko, anti
mesw twn koinwn devices.
O enallaktikos tropos apaiteitai giati ta koina devices sxediasthkan
gia na diabazoyn dedomena kata kommatia (block-wise) apo ena disko,
tainia h cd-rom Se sugkrish me ayto, to na odhgeis ena cd-writer (h
ena sarwth (scanner)) einai pio ejwtiko, p.x. prepei na do8oun entoles
gia topo8ethsh toy laser . An exeis mia ka8arh (kai gi' ayto grhgorh)
ylopoihsh twn koinwn syskeywn (devices), oles aytes oi ejwtikes
energeies prepei na ginoyn mesw twn genikwn syskeywn SCSI.
Mia poy ola mporoun na ginoyn sto SCSI yliko mesw twn genikwn
syskeywn, den exoyn ftiaxtei gia ena sygkekrimeno skopo - gi' ayto kai
to onoma genikes (generic).
Phgainete sto /dev-directory kai tsekarete gia genikes syskeyes SCSI.
H entolh ls 8a prepei na deijei sga-sgh:
bash> cd /dev
bash> ls -l sg*
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 0 Jan 1 1970 sga
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 1 Jan 1 1970 sgb
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 2 Jan 1 1970 sgc
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 3 Jan 1 1970 sgd
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 4 Jan 1 1970 sge
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 5 Jan 1 1970 sgf
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 6 Jan 1 1970 sgg
crw------- 1 root sys 21, 7 Jan 1 1970 sgh
An den exete tetoia arxeia-syskeywn, dhmioyrghste ta xrhsimopoiwntas
to /dev/MAKEDEV-script:
bash> cd /dev/
bash> ./MAKEDEV sg
Twra ta arxeia syskeywn 8a prepei na emfanistoun.
2.4. Energopoihste th xrhsh twn genikwn syskeywn SCSI kai ths
syskeyhs loopback
O pyrhnas toy Linux xreiazetai ena module poy toy parexei thn
dynatothta na antimetwpizei SCSI syskeyes. An o trexwn pyrhnas
yposthrizei ayto to xarakthristiko, 8a prepei na emfanizetai sto
ceydo-arxeio /proc/devices:
bash> cat /proc/devices
Character devices:
1 mem
2 pty
3 ttyp
4 ttyp
5 cua
7 vcs
21 sg <----- stands for "SCSI Generic device"
30 socksys
Block devices:
2 fd
7 loop <----- we even can use the loop-devices
8 sd
11 sr <----- stands for "SCSI cd-Rom"
Isws prepei na dwsete tis entoles insmod sg, insmod loop h insmod
sr_mod gia na fortwsete ta modules ston pyrhna. Elegjte jana afou to
dokimasete. An kapoio apo ayta den petuxei, prepei na janary8misete
ton pyrhna sas kai na ton janametaglwttisete (re-compile).
bash> cd /usr/src/linux
bash> make config
[..]
*
* Additional Block Devices
*
Loopback device support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP) [M/n/y/?] M
[..]
*
* SCSI support
*
SCSI support (CONFIG_SCSI) [Y/m/n/?] Y
*
* SCSI support type (disk, tape, CD-ROM)
*
SCSI disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD) [Y/m/n/?] Y
SCSI tape support (CONFIG_CHR_DEV_ST) [M/n/y/?] M
SCSI CD-ROM support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR) [M/n/y/?] M
SCSI generic support (CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG) [M/n/y/?] M
[..]
ISO9660 cdrom filesystem (CONFIG_ISO9660_FS) [Y/m/n/?] M
Shmeiwste pws pareleica tis oxi polu shmantikes erwthseis.
2.5. Xtisimo kai egkatastash toy pyrhna
Ean exete erwthseis sxetika me ayto, to Linux Kernel-HOWTO einai to
proteinomeno diabasma sas. Epipleon, h dianomh Linux sas, 8a prepei na
erxetai me kapoia tekmhriwsh gia ayto to 8ema.
[Ypodeijh: otan kanete jana compile, mporeite na synexisete me ta
bhmata 2.7-2.9]
2.6. Epanekkinhste ton ypologisth gia na egkyropoih8oun oi allages.
Mhn panikoblh8eite ean o pyrhnas toy Linux typwsei ta mhnumata
grhgorotera apo oso mporeite na diabasete, toylaxiston h arxikopoihsh
twn syskeywn SCSI mporei na epanemfanistei me thn entolh dmesg:
scsi0 : NCR53c{7,8}xx (rel 17)
scsi : 1 host.
scsi0 : target 0 accepting period 100ns offset 8 10.00MHz
scsi0 : setting target 0 to period 100ns offset 8 10.00MHz
Vendor: FUJITSU Model: M1606S-512 Rev: 6226
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI
Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
Vendor: NEC Model: CD-ROM DRIVE:84 Rev: 1.0a
Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI
Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 4, lun 0
scsi : detected 1 SCSI disk total.
SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 2131992
Parapanw fainetai mono to kommati ekeino twn mhnymatwn arxikopoihshs
poy anaferoyn ton entopismo ths fysikhs paroysias mias syskeyhs SCSI.
2.7. Dhmioyrgia twn syskeywn loopback
Phgainete sto directory /dev kai koitajte gia syskeyes loopback. Den
einai krisimo, to na mhn exete tetoies syskeyes, alla einai boliko an
yparxoyn (deite to 3.5). An hdh tis exete, h entolh ls 8a prepei na
deijei loop0-loop7:
bash> cd /dev
bash> ls -l loop*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 0 Sep 23 17:15 loop0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 1 Sep 23 17:15 loop1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 2 Sep 23 17:15 loop2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 3 Sep 23 17:15 loop3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 4 Sep 23 17:15 loop4
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 5 Sep 23 17:15 loop5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 6 Sep 23 17:15 loop6
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 7 Sep 23 17:15 loop7
An den exete ayta ta arxeia syskeywn, dhmioyrghste ta xrhsimopoiwntas
to script /dev/MAKEDEV:
bash> cd /dev/
bash> ./MAKEDEV loop
H teleytaia entolh epitygxanei mono an exete to loop-module ston
pyrhna sas (des to 2.4 gia th xrhsh twn modules). An h insmod loop den
boh8hsei, 8a prepei na perimenete mexri o kainourgios pyrhnas na
egkatasta8ei kanonika (des to 2.5).
2.8. Promh8eyteite to logismiko gia eggrafh twn CDs
2.8.1. Roytines grammhs-entolwn
Ta akoloy8a paketa apaitountai gia thn paragwgh prwtotupwn gia CD-Rs:
<ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/mkisofs/> (mkisofs)
<ftp://ftp.ge.ucl.ac.uk/pub/mkhfs> (mkhybrid)
Analoga me to montelo toy cd-writer sas (des 1.3), apaiteitai ena apo
ta akoloy8a logismika gia eggrafh twn prwtotupwn se CD-Rs:
<ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/> (cdrecord)
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/>
(cdwrite)
Xrhsimopoihste to kontinotero mirror apo aytous toys ftp-Servers h
parte ta apo CD. Na eisaste apolutws sigoyros pws exete thn ekdosh
2.0 toy cdwrite, h newterh ths. Kamia palaioterh bhta ekdosh den 8a
doylecei kanonika! Mhn empisteueste thn selida-boh8eias (man-page) toy
(paliou) mkisofs poy dhlwnei pws xreiazeste thn ekdosh
1.5 toy cdwrite.
Gia plhrofories gia metafores toy logismikou (ports) toy cdwrite se
Irix kai AIX episkef8eite to URL :
<http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu/~forrest/>
Ean xrhsimopoieite pyrhna prin thn ekdosh 2.0.31, mporei na 8elete na
dior8wsete to mkisofs gia na jeperasete ena bug ston kwdika toy
systhmatos arxeiwn toy Linux. H dianomh ths Debian perilambanei ena
dior8wtiko (patch) gia thn ekdosh 1.05 toy mkisofs (gia 1.11 8a prepei
na doyleuei, epishs) poy toy pros8etei thn epilogh '-K' (des to 3.4).
Einai dia8esimo apo to
<ftp://ftp.debian.org/pub/debian/bo/source/oth
erosfs/mkisofs_1.11-1.diff.gz>
H dior8wsh ayth einai anagkaia mono ean 8elete na prosarthsete to CD-
image mesw ths syskeyhs loopback (deite to 3.5.).
2.8.2. Ena grafiko user interface (proairetiko).
To X-CD-Roast einai ena programma eggrafhs CD basizomeno apokleistika
sta X, kai einai o apogonos twn cdwtools-0.93. Einai dia8esimo sto
<http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/pro
jects/xcdroast/e_overview.html>
Pros to parwn to X-CD-Roast basizetai se mia dior8wmenh ekdosh toy
cdwrite-2.0 kai gi' ayto erxetai me akribws ta idia xarakthristika
(deite to 1.4). Oi mellontikes toy ekdoseis mporei na basizontai sto
enallaktiko logismiko cdrecord.
3. "Ean streceis ton eayto soy pros ton kapno, den 8a stamathsw na to
diaskedazw oso 8a kaigesai."
(O Aytokratoras Nerwnas gia to kacimo twn klassikwn toy CDs [AD64]. To
eixe parejhghsei entelws).
Synh8ws h eggrafh enos CD katw apo Linux ginetai se 2 bhmata:
· paketarisma toy epi8ymhtou logismikou se ena megalo arxeio,
xrhsimopoiwntas to mkisofs/mkhybrid-utility
· eggrafh toy megaloy arxeioy sto the CD-R me to cdwrite h to
cdrecord
Einai epishs dynato na syndyasete ta 2 bhmata mesw diaswlhnwshs (pipe)
alla sas apo8arrunoyme apo to na to dokimasete giati den einai
ajiopisto. Deite parakatw.
3.1. Ka8oriste se pia genikh syskeyh scsi (scsi device) einai
proskollhmenos o eggrafeas
[Shmeiwste : to trexon sxhma onomatologias twn syskeywn scsi devices
sto Linux einai polu mplegmeno xwris logo kai oxi kai arketa
ajiopisto. To gegonos pws to perigrafw se megalh leptomereia, den 8a
prepei na eklhf8ei la8os san apodoxh aytou toy sxhmatos. Oi an8rwpoi
me ATAPI cd-writer mporoun na dokimasoyn thn "cdrecord -scanbus" gia
na entopisoyn thn swsth syskeyh kai na paraleicoyn to ypoloipo aytou
toy tmhmatos.]
Afou akoloy8hsete ola ta bhmata toy deuteroy kefalaioy to susthma sas
8a prepei na einai ikano na antimetwpizei th diadikasia ths eggrafhs
twn CDs. Ayto to tmhma mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei ws apodeijh pws ola
doyleuoyn kata pws prepei.
Dwste thn entolh dmesg. 8a prepei na anaferei ta mhnumata toy pyrhna
toy Linux, symperilambanomenwn kai ekeinwn poy typw8hkan kata thn
ekkinhsh (periorismos: mono ta teleytaia l200) kai na periexei kapoies
plhrofories gia to CD-Writer poy einai syndedemeno sto diaylo SCSI.
Aplo paradeigma:
Vendor: YAMAHA Model: CDR100 Rev: 1.11
Type: WORM ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi CD-ROM sr1 at scsi0, channel 0, id 3, lun 0
H mhxanh ayth exei 4 syskeyes SCSI syndedemenes panw ths (den mporeite
na to deite kai etsi sas to lew egw), me taytothtes (SCSI-id) apo 0
ews 3. O eggrafeas einai h 4h fysika parousa syskeyh SCSI kai gi' ayto
einai syndedemenh sto /dev/sgd (h tetarth genikh syskeyh SCSI,opoy h
metrhsh arxizei apo to gramma a). Se ayth thn periptwsh, h entolh:
cdwrite --eject --device /dev/sgd
anoigei ton ypodoxea (tray) kai einai enas elegxos gia to an ola exoyn
egkatasta8ei swsta. Ena pio sun8eto paradeigma:
scsi0 : AdvanSys SCSI 1.5: ISA (240 CDB)
scsi1 : Adaptec 1542
scsi : 2 hosts.
Vendor: HP Model: C4324/C4325 Rev: 1.20
Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 2, lun 0
Vendor: IBM Model: DPES-31080 Rev: S31Q
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sda at scsi1, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
scsi : detected 1 SCSI cdrom 1 SCSI disk total.
SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes.
Se ayto to paradeigma dyo elegktes SCSI filojenoun apo 1 syskeyh SCSI
o ka8enas. Ti spatalh ((mia poy mporoun na filojenoun mexri kai 7
syskeyes o ka8enas). Den einai h dikia moy egkatastash, opote
stamathste na rwtate an exw toso polla lefta. ... Telos pantwn, sthn
periptwsh aytou toy amelhteoy aytou paradeigmatos, h egkatastash ayth
einai mia xara. :-)
Sto parapanw paradeigma to CD-Writer exei taytothta SCSI 2 alla einai
sysxetismeno me thn prwth genikh syskeyh SCSI /dev/sga giati den einai
h prwth fysika parousa syskeyh SCSI poy to Linux entopise. Elpizw pws
ayto deixnei ka8ara pws h taytothta SCSI mias syskeyhs, den exei na
kanei me thn antistoixh genikh syskeyh.
Dyo erwthseis menoyn: ti symbainei an antistoixisete la8os syskeyh; An
de deijei oute thn epilogh "--<MANUFACTURER>" oute gracei dedomena se
aythn, synh8ws ena typwnetai proeidopoihtiko mhnyma kai den symbainei
kai tipota kako::
bash> cdwrite --eject --device /dev/sgb
Unknown CD-Writer; if this model is compatible with any
supported type, please use the appropriate command line
flag.
Manufacturer: IBM
Model: DPES-31080
Revision: S31Q
Se aythn thn periptwsh h syskeyh /dev/sbg einai enas sklhros diskos
SCSI (ths IBM).
An gracete dedomena se la8os syskeyh, grafete panw apo to arxiko
periexomeno ths kai pi8anws blaptete anepanor8wta to susthma sas. Na
prosexete, se mena to atuxhma exei symbei.
3.2. Mazecte to logismiko
Synh8ws pairnei perissotero apo to anamenomeno. 8ymh8eite pws arxeia
poy sas leipoyn den mporoun na proste8oun afou graftei to CD. :-)
Epishs, krathste pws kapoio pososto toy eleu8eroy xwroy toy CD
xrhsimopoieitai gia na fylajei tis plhrofories toy systhmatos arxeiwn
iso9660 (synh8ws liga MB).
3.3. Apo8hkeysh twn dedomenwn sto CD.
O oros iso9660 anaferetai sto format me to opoio ta dedomena
organwnontai sto CD. Gia na eimai pio akribhs: Einai to susthma
arxeiwn toy CD.
Fysika, h emfanish twn arxeiwn poy apo8hkeuontai se ayto to format
omogenopoieitai apo ton pyrhna toy Linux opws kai gia ka8e allo
susthma arxeiwn, epishs. Etsi, an prosarthsete ena CD sto dentro twn
directory, den 8a mporeite na jexwrisete ta arxeia toy apo alla arxeia
... ektos toy gegonotos pws den einai eggracima... akoma kai gia ton
root. :-)
(O mhxanismos poy xrhsimopoieitai gia na omogenopoihsei thn emfanish
twn arxeiwn kaleitai eikoniko susthma arxeiwn (virtual filesystem),
kai en syntomia VFS.)
Ta xarakthristika toy systhmatos arxeiwn iso9660 den einai toso
plousia se sugkrish me ayta toy systhmatos arxeiwn extended-2 poy
kanonika xrhsimopoieitai apo to Linux. Apo thn allh, to CD einai
eggracimo mono mia fora kai etsi merika xarakthristika den exoyn nohma
etsi ki alliws. Oi periorismoi toy systhmatos arxeiwn iso9660 einai:
· Mono 8 epipeda apo ypo-katalogoys epitrepontai (metrwntas apo to
ychlotero epipedo directory toy CD) (xrhsimopoieiste ta RockRidge
Extensions gia na megalwsete ayto ton ari8mo)
· Megisto mhkos xarakthrwn gia ta onomata twn arxeiwn: 32 xarakthres
· 650 MB xwrhtikothta
3.4. Dhmioyrghste ena susthma arxeiwn iso9660
Prin mporesei na xrhsimopoih8ei opoiodhpote meso apo8hkeyshs (p.x.
malakos diskos (floppy disk), sklhros diskos (harddisk) h CD), prepei
na apokthsei ena susthma arxeiwn (se glwssa DOS : na ginei format).
Ayto to susthma arxeiwn einai ypeu8yno gia thn organwsh kai enswmatwsh
twn arxeiwn, poy prepei na apo8hkey8oun sto meso.
Loipon, ena eggracimo CD einai eggracimo mono mia fora, kai etsi an
grafame ena adeio susthma arxeiwn se ayto, den 8a ginotan format -
alla 8a paremene entelws adeio gia panta. :-)
Etsi, ayto poy xreiazomaste einai ena ergaleio poy dhmioyrgei to
susthma arxeiwn oso antigrafei ta arxeia sto CD. Ayto to ergaleio
legetai mkisofs. Mia xrhsh toy gia logoys epideijhs moiazei me thn
parakatw:
mkisofs -r -o cd_image private_collection/
`---------' `-----------------'
| |
grace thn ejodo sto xrhsimopoihse san eisodo to directory
H epilogh '-r' 8etei ta dikaiwmata olwn twn arxeiwn sto CD wste na
einai anagnwsima apo oloys kai energopoiei tis epektaseis Rock Ridge.
Ayto einai poy synh8ws 8eloyme kai synistoume thn xrhsh ayths ths
epiloghs mexri poy pragmatika na jerete ti kanete (ypodeijh: xwris thn
'-r' to shmeio prosarthshs (mount-point) pairnei dikaiwmata
idiwtikhs_sylloghs (private_collection)!).
An trexete pyrhna Linux prin ton 2.0.31, 8a prepei na pros8esete thn
epilogh '-K' gia na jeperasete ena la8os toy kwdika toy systhmatos
arxeiwn. 8a xreiasteite thn dior8wmenh ekdosh toy mkisofs. Ayth h
epilogh einai isodunamh me thn epilogh '-P' toy cdwrite. Deite
parakalw th selida boh8eias toy mkisofs gia leptomereies. Oi xrhstes
mias pio prosfaths ekdoshs toy Linux den xreiazetai na anhsyxoun gia
tipota apo ta parapanw.
To mkisofs 8a prospa8hsei na antistoixisei ola ta onomata arxeiwn sto
8.3-format poy xrhsimopoieitai apo to DOS gia na ejasfalisei thn
megaluterh dynath symbatothta. Se periptwsh sugkroyshs onomatologias
((diaforetika arxeia exoyn to idio 8.3-name), xrhsimopoiountai ari8moi
sta onomata arxeiwn kai plhrofories sxetika me to onoma typwnetai sto
STDERR (synh8ws sthn o8onh).
MHN PANIKOBALLESTE:
Katw apo Linux de 8a deite pote ayta ta 8.3 onomata arxeiwn,
epeidh to Linux kanei xrhsh twn epektasewn Rock Ridge poy
periexoyn thn arxikh plhroforia twn arxeiwn (dikaiwmata,
onoma arxeiwn, klp.).
Twra mporei na anarwtieste giati h ejodos toy mkisofs de stelnetai
apey8eias sth syskeyh eggrafhs. Ayto ginetai gia duo logoys:
· To mkisofs den jerei tipota gia ton elegxo twn CD-writers (des to
tmhma 2.3.)
· Den 8a htan ajiopisto (des to tmhma 4.)
Epeidh o xronismos toy CD-writer einai ena krisimo shmeio, den to
trofodotoume apey8eias apo to mkisofs (8ymh8eite pws to Linux den
einai ena leitoyrgiko susthma pragmatikou xronoy (real-time operating
system) kai oi diergasies mporei na xronizontai asxhma). Anti8eta,
synistatai na apo8hkeuete thn ejodo toy mkisofs se ena jexwristo
arxeio sto sklhro disko. Ayto to arxeio einai mia 1:1 eikona toy CD
kai sthn oysia 8a graftei sto CD me to ergaleio cdwrite se deutero
bhma.
H 1:1 eikona apo8hkeuetai se ena terastio arxeio kai etsi xreiazeste
allo toso eleu8ero xwro sto disko me ayton poy to logismiko pros
antigrafh hdh xrhsimopoiei. Ayto einai ena meionekthma.
8a mporousate na dhmioyrghsete mia epipleon katatmhsh (partition) gia
ayto kai na gracete thn eikona se ekeinh thn katatmhsh anti se ena
arxeio. Yhfizw kata mias tetoias strathgikhs giati an gracete se la8os
katatmhsh (ejaitias enos typografikou la8oys), mporei na xasete
entelws to Linux susthma sas. Epipleon, einai megaluterh spatalh
xwroy, giati to CD-image einai proswrina dedomena poy mporoun na
diagrafoun meta thn eggrafh toy CD.
3.5. Elegjte to CD-image
To Linux exei thn dynatothta na prosarta arxeia san na htan
katatmhseis diskwn. Ayto to xarakthristiko einai xrhsimo gia na
elegjete thn or8othta ths domhs toy katalogoy ths eikonas toy CD (CD-
image). Gia na prosarthsete to arxeio cd_image poy dhmioyrgh8hke
parapanw ston katalogo /cdrom, dwste thn entolh
mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0 cd_image /cdrom
Twra mporeite na epi8ewrhsete ta arxeia sto /cdrom - emfanizontai
akribws opws an 8a htan panw se ena pragmatiko CD. Gia na
apodesmeusete to CD-image, apla peite umount /cdrom. Proeidopoihsh:
An den xrhsimopoihsate thn epilogh '-K' sto mkisofs tote to teleytaia
arxeio sto /cdrom mporei na mhn einai plhrws anagnwsimo.
Shmeiwsh:
Merikes arxaies ekdoseis toy mount den einai ikanes na
antimetwpisoyn tis loopback-devices. An exete mia tetoia
palia ekdosh toy mount einai mia ypodeijh gia na anaba8mis
ete to Linux susthma sas.
Polloi an8rwpoi hdh proteinan na baloyn plhrofories gia to
pws na parete tis neoteres efarmoges mount se ayto to mini-
HOWTO. Panta arnoumai. An h dianomh Linux sas erxetai me
ena arxaio mount: anaferete to san problhma (bug). An h
dianomh Linux sas den einai eukola anaba8misimh : anaferete
to san problhma (bug).
An enswmatwsw oles tis plhrofories poy apaitountai gia na
jeperastoun ta problhmata (bugs) twn kakosxediasmenwn
dianomwn Linux, ayto to mini-HOWTO 8a htan kata polu
megalutero kai dyskolotero na diabastei.
3.6. Sxolia gia ta kena diskakia CD-Recordable
To germaniko periodiko gia ypologistes "c't" exei mia lista ypodeijewn
poy aforoun sta kena CDs sto teuxos toy Noembrioy 1996:
· Ta "anwnyma (no-name)" diskakia einai genika oxi ths kaluterhs
poiothtas kai 8a prepei na mhn xrhsimopoiountai
· An ena eggracimo CD einai elattwmatiko, ayto pi8anon na symbainei
se ola (an agorasate perissotera apo ena, mazemena). Isws na
eisaste tyxeros kai na mporesete na xrhsimopoihsete ta prwta 500MB
tetoiwn CDs ...
· Mhn aggizete ta CDs apo thn lamperh epifaneia prin thn eggrafh.
3.7. Eggrafh toy CD-image se ena CD
Den exoyn meinei kai polla na ginoyn. Prin sas deijoyme thn teleytaia
entolh, afhste me na sas proeidopoihsw pws ta CD-writers 8eloyn na
trofodotountai me mia sta8erh roh dedomenwn epeidh exoyn mikrous
buffers dedomenwn. Etsi, h diadikasia ths eggrafhs ths eikonas toy CD
sto CD den prepei na diakopei, se tetoia periptwsh to apotelesma 8a
einai ena diabrwmeno (xalasmeno) CD.
Gia na eisaste sigoyros pws tipota den 8a diakocei thn diadikasia,
petajte ejw oloys toys xrhstes toy systhmatos kai bgalte to kalwdio
toy ethernet ... Diabaste to Bastard operator fromhell gia na ma8ete
ton swsto tropo, gia na kanete kati tetoio. ;-)
An eisaste pneymatika etoimoi, foreste mia asprh rompa, pollaplasiaste
thn taytothta SCSI-id toy CD-writer me ton ari8mo ana8ewrhshs toy
SCSI, anacte osa pio polla keria ginetai, apaggeilete duo strofes apo
to ASR-FAQ kai telika gracte:
cdwrite --device /dev/sgd cd_image
or
cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=4,0 cd_image
analoga me to pio logismiko 8elete na xrhsimopoihsete. Fysika 8a
antikatasthsete th syskeyh SCSI toy paradeigmatos me thn syskeyh poy o
eggrafeas sas einai syndedemenos. Parakalw shmeiwste pws kanenas
eggrafeas den mporei na epana8esei to laser toy kai na synexisei apo
ekeino to shmeio toy CD, an enoxlh8ei. Gi' ayto, ka8e isxyrh donhsh h
kai sok 8a katastrecei pantelws to CD poy grafete.
3.8. An kati paei straba...
... na 8ymaste pws panta mporeite na xrhsimopoieite ta xalasmena CDs
san soyber. :-)
4. Syxna Diatypwmenes Erwthseis kai Apanthseis
4.1. "Poso eyais8hth einai h diadikasia toy kacimatos;"
Apanthsh: ejartatai apo to CD-writer. Ta monterna 8a prepei na exoyn
buffer dedomenwn toy 1MB h kapoy ekei kai mporoun na zhsoyn 1-2
deyterolepta xwris dedomena. Deite ta egxeiridia h rwthste ton
kataskeyasth, an 8elete na ma8ete tis leptomereies.
Anejarthta apo to mege8os twn buffers dedomenwn prepei na eggyaste mia
synexh roh twn 300kb/s h 600kb/s kata th diarkeia ths diadikasias.
Oi diergasies poy kanoyn entatikh xrhsh toy diskoy opws h enhmerwsh
ths bashs dedomenwn locate xamhlwnoyn to megisto dynato ry8mo rohs kai
8a xalasoyn sigoyra to CD; kalutera elegjte tetoies diergasies na mhn
jekinane mesw cron, at h anacron oso kaite CD-Rs. Apo thn allh,
kapoioi aneferan pws ekanan compile ena pyrhna ka8ws kaigane ena CD
xwris kamia enoxlhsh. Xreiazeste bebaia mia grhgorh mhxanh gia tetoia
peiramata.
4.2. "Exei h diaspora (fragmentation) asxhmo antiktypo sto ry8mo
rohs;"
H diaspora einai synh8ws toso xamhlh poy oi epiptwseis ths den einai
parathrhsimes. An eisaste abebaioi peri aytou, koitajte ta mhnumata
poy typwnontai kata thn ekkinhsh, to pososto ths diasporas anaferetai
kata ton elegxo twn systhmatwn arxeiwn. Mporeite na elegjete gia ayth
thn timh me thn polu epikindynh entolh
bash> e2fsck -n /dev/sda5 # '-n' is important!
[stuff deleted - ignore any errors]
/dev/sda5: 73/12288 files (12.3% non-contiguous)
Se ayto to paradeigma h diaspora fainetai na einai polu megalh, alla
yparxoyn mono 73 mikra arxeia se ayto to susthma arxeiwn
(xrhsimopoieitai ws /tmp) kai etsi h timh den einai anhsyxhtikh.
4.3. "Einai dynaton na apo8hkeusw to CD-image se ena susthma arxeiwn
UMSDOS;"
Nai. To mono susthma arxeiwn poy den einai ajiopisto kai arketa
grhgoro gia eggrafes CDs apo ayto, einai to diktyako susthma arxeiwn
(NFS). Xrhsimopoiw o idios ena UMSDOS gia na moirasw to xwro toy
diskoy metaju toy Linux kai toy DOS/Win se ena PC (486/66) afierwmeno
sthn eggrafh twn CDs.
4.4. "Den yparxei kapoios tropos na jeperasw toys periorismous toy
iso9660;"
Nai. Mporeite na balete opoio susthma arxeiwn 8elete sto CD. Alla
opoiodhpote leitoyrgiko susthma ektos toy Linux den 8a mporesei na
antimetwpisei to CD.
Na kai h syntagh:
· Dhmioyrghste ena adeio arxeio me mege8os 650MB.
dd if=/dev/zero of="empty_file" bs=1024k count=650
· Dhmioyrghste ena susthma arxeiwn extended-2 sto arxeio ayto
bash> /sbin/mke2fs empty_file
empty_file is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
· Prosarthste to adeio arxeio mesw twn syskeywn loopback
mount -t ext2 -o loop=/dev/loop1 empty_file /mnt
· Antigracte ta arxeia sto /mnt kai apodesmeuste to (umount) meta.
· Xrhsimopoihste thn cdwrite h thn cdrecord sto empty_file (poy pleon
den einai adeio) san na htan ena iso9660-image.
An 8elete na balete mia eggrafh sto /etc/fstab gia ena tetoio CD,
apenergopoihste ton elegxo toy, p.x.:
/dev/cdrom /cdrom ext2 defaults,ro 0 0
To prwto 0 shmainei "mhn symperilhf8ei sta dumps", to deutero
(=shmantiko) shmainei "mhn tsekareis gia la8h kata thn ekkinhsh" (to
fsck 8a apotuxei na elegjei to CD gia la8h).
4.5. "Pws na diabasw kai na gracw CD Hxoy;"
Parte ta paketa "cdda2wav" kai "sox", dia8esima apo to sunsite kai ta
mirrors toy:
<ftp://sun
site.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/cdrom/cdda2wav0.71.src.tar.gz>
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/convert/sox-11gamma-
cb3.tar.gz>
To cdda2wav sas epitrepei na parete kapoio sygkekrimeno diasthma (h
ena oloklhro kommati (track)) apo to CD hxoy sas kai to metatrepei se
arxeio .wav. To sox metatrepei ta arxeia wav pali se (CD hxoy ) cdda-
format wste na mporoun na epaneggrafoun sto CD-R xrhsimopoiwntas to
cdwrite.
4.6. "Pws na cajw gia tis syskeyes SCSI meta thn ekkinhsh;"
To arxeio drivers/scsi/scsi.c periexei tis plhrofories
/*
* Usage: echo "scsi add-single-device 0 1 2 3" >/proc/scsi/scsi
* with "0 1 2 3" replaced by your "Host Channel Id Lun".
* Consider this feature BETA.
* CAUTION: This is not for hotplugging your peripherals. As
* SCSI was not designed for this you could damage your
* hardware !
* However perhaps it is legal to switch on an
* already connected device. It is perhaps not
* guaranteed this device doesn't corrupt an ongoing data transfer.
*/
4.7. "Einai dynato na kanw 1:1 antigrafh enos CD;"
Nai. Alla 8a prepei na hsaste enhmeros toy gegonotos pws ka8e la8os
anagnwshs toy arxikou prwtotupoy (logo skonhs h gratzoyniwn) 8a
odhghsei se elattwmatiko antigrafo.
Prwth periptwsh: exete jexwrista CD-writer kai CD-ROM . Dinontas thn
entolh:
cdwrite -v -D /dev/sgc --pad -b $(isosize /dev/scd0) /dev/scd0
or
cdrecord -v dev=3,0 speed=2 -isosize /dev/scd0
diabazete th roh dedomenwn apo ton odhgo CD-ROM poy einai prosarthmeno
san /dev/scd0 kai grafete apey8eias mesw toy /dev/sgc sto CD-R.
Deuterh periptwsh: Den exete jexwristo odhgo CD-ROM. 8a prepei na
xrhsimopoihsete ton eggrafea gia na diabasete kai to CD-ROM:
dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cdimage bs=1c count=`isosize /dev/scd0`
H entolh ayth einai isodunamh me to apotelesma ths mkisofs, kai etsi
8a prepei na proxwrhsete opws sto kefalaio 3. Shmeiwste pws ayth h
me8odos 8a apotuxei gia ta CD hxoy!
4.8. "Mporei to Linux na diabasei Joliet CDs;"
Nai. Alla xreiazetai na dior8wsete ton pyrhna kai na ton
janametaglwttisete. Gia perissoteres plhrofories, deite
<http://www-plateau.cs.berkeley.edu/people/chaf
fee/joliet.html>
4.9. "Pws diabazw/prosartw CD-ROMs me to CD-writer;"
Opws kai me ena kanoniko odhgo CD-ROM. Kanena kolpo. Shmeiwste pws 8a
prepei na xrhsimopoihsete tis syskeyes scd (SCSI CD-ROM) gia na
prosarthsete CDs gia diabasma. Eggrafh-paradeigma sto /etc/fstab:
/dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
5. Epilysh Problhmatwn
5.1. De doyleuei: katw apo Linux
Parakalw elegjte prwta an o eggrafeas doyleuei katw apo alla
leitoyrgika. Sygkekrimena:
· O Elegkths SCSI anagnwrizei ton eggrafea san egkyrh syskeyh SCSI;
· To logismiko anagnwrizei ton eggrafea;
· Mporeite na kanete ena CD me to synodeytiko logismiko;
Ean "de doyleuei" akoma kai se alla leitoyrgika. Exete mia
sugkroysh ylikou (hardware conflict) h elattwmatiko yliko.
5.2. De doyleuei: katw apo DOS kai filoys toy
Prospa8hste na xrhsimopoihsete Linux. H egkatastash kai ru8mish twn
odhgwn SCSI sto DOS einai h kolash. Einai to Linux yperbolika sun8eto;
Xa!
5.3. La8h toy SCSI kata th fash ths eggrafhs (kacimatos)
Pi8anotera, ta la8h ayta ofeilontai se
· mh yposthrijh toy xarakthristikou dis-/reconnect toy diayloy SCSI
· mh ikanopoihtika cyxwmeno yliko
· elattwmatiko yliko (8a prepei na entopizetai apo to 5.1.)
Katw apo diafores katastaseis, oi syskeyes SCSI aposyndeontai kai
janasyndeontai (hlektronika) apo to diaylo SCSI. An ayto to
xarakthristiko den einai dia8esimo (elegjte tis parametroys toy
elegkth kai toy pyrhna) merikoi eggrafeis antimetwpizoyn problhma otan
kaine h kleinoyn to CD-R.
Eidika, o odhgos NCR 53c7,8xx SCSI exei proka8orismena to
xarakthristiko apenergopoihmeno, kai ara loipon isws na 8elete na to
tsekarete:
NCR53c7,8xx SCSI support [N/y/m/?] y
always negotiate synchronous transfers [N/y/?] (NEW) n
allow FAST-SCSI [10MHz] [N/y/?] (NEW) y
allow DISCONNECT [N/y/?] (NEW) y
6. Eyxaristies
Ston Andreas Erdmann <erdmann@zpr.uni-koeln.de>
poy edwse to paradeigma me to YAMAHA-writer
Ston Art Stone <stone@math.ubc.ca>
poy eixe thn idea na balei mh-iso9660 systhmata arxeiwn se CD
Ston Bartosz Maruszewski <B.Maruszewski@zsmeie.torun.pl>
poy anefere ta or8ografika la8h
Ston Bernhard Gubanka <beg@ipp-garching.mpg.de>
poy proseje thn anagkh mias prosfaths ekdoshs toy mount gia na
kanei xrhsh ths syskeyhs loopback
Ston Brian H. Toby
gia ton ekleptysmo twn ekfrasewn.
StonBruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
poy edwse plhrofories gia thn cdwrite-mailinglist
Ston Dale Scheetz <dwarf@polaris.net>
poy boh8hse thn kalytereysh toy tmhmatos gia dhmioyrgia cdimage.
Sto
URL toy ergaleioy mkhybrid
Ston Edwin H. Kribbs
poy anefere pws to '-K' apaitei dior8wsh gia to mkisofs
Ston Gerald C Snyder <gcsnyd@loop.com>
poy testare thn eggrafh enos ext2 CD-ROM (see 4.4)
Ston Ingo Fischenisch <ingo@mi.uni-koeln.de>
poy pareixe to paradeigma me toys duo elegktes poy filojenoun
duo syskeyes.
Ston Janne Himanka <shem@oyt.oulu.fi>
poy edeije thn dior8wsh ston pyrhna gia na diabazei Joliet CDs
Ston Joerg Schilling <schilling@fokus.gmd.de>
gia plhrofories gia to cdrecord
Ston Jos van Geffen <jos@tnj.phys.tue.nl>
poy proseje to problhma sto 4.9.
Ston Pierre Pfister <pp@uplift.fr>
poy boh8hse sthn anaptyjh ths syntaghs gia antigrafa 1:1.
Ston Rick Cochran <rick@msc.cornell.edu>
gia ypodeijeis gia to oti h epanasundesh/aposundesh einai
apenergopoihmenh apo default ston odhgo ncr
Ston Stephan Noy <stnoy@mi.uni-koeln.de>
gia plhrofories kai empeiria sthn eggrafh CD hxoy.
Ston Stephen Harris <sweh@mpn.com>
poy syneisfere ypodeijeis gia eggrafh CD hxoy.
Sthn Sheepy One <kero@escape.com>
poy proteinan na xrhsimopoiountai ta elattwmatika CDs san soyber
potwn
Ston Volker Kuhlmann <kuhlmav@elec.canterbury.ac.nz>
poy proseje pws to paketo "cdwrite" den periexei to mkisofs
Telos toy Ellhnikou CD-Writing mini-HOWTO