ELLHNIKO LINUX Sound HOWTO
Jeff Tranter, tranter@pobox.com
v1.19, 23 Ianoyarioy 1998
To keimeno ayto perigrafei thn yposthrijh toy Linux gia hxo.
Sygkekrimena, paroysiazei analytiko pinaka toy yposthrizomenoy hard
ware gia hxo, toy ported hardware hxoy, perigrafei pws na setarei
kaneis toys drivers toy pyrhna, kai telos, apanta stis pio syxna
diatypwmenes erwthseis. O skopos toy keimenoy aytou einai na boh8hsei
toys neoys xrhstes kai na meiwsei to forto sta Usenet news groups kai
tis listes allhlografias (mailing lists).
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Eisagwgh
1.1 Eyxaristies
1.2 Revision History
1.3 Nees ekdoseis toy keimenoy
1.4 Feedback
1.5 Politikh Dianomhs
2. Texnologia kartwn hxoy
3. Yposthrizomeno Hardware
3.1 Kartes hxoy
3.2 Enallaktikoi Drivers Hxoy
3.3 Megafwno ypologisth
3.4 Parallhlh 8ura
4. Egkatastash
4.1 Egkatastash ths Kartas Hxoy
4.2 Ry8mizontas ton Pyrhna
4.3 Dhmioyrgia twn Device files
4.4 Epanekkinhsh toy Linux kai Elegxos ths Egkatastashs
4.5 Troubleshooting
4.5.1 Bhma 1: Bebaiw8eite pws pragmatika trexete ton pyrhna poy kanate compile.
4.5.2 Bhma 2: Bebaiw8eite pws oi drivers hxoy toy pyrhna symperilhf8hsan sto compile.
4.5.3 Bhma 3: Anagnwrise o pyrhnas thn karta hxoy kata thn ekkinhsh;
4.5.4 Bhma 4: Mporeite na diabasete dedomena apo to dsp device ;
4.5.5 Otan ola exoyn apotuxei
5. Apanthseis se Syxna Diatypwmenes Erwthseis
5.1 Ti einai ta sound device files;
5.2 Pws mporw na paijw enan hxo ;
5.3 Pws mporw na hxografhsw enan hxo ;
5.4 Mporw na exw perissoteres apo mia kartes ;
5.5 Error: No such file or directory for sound devices
5.6 Error: No such device for sound devices
5.7 Error: No space left on device for sound devices
5.8 Error: Device busy for sound devices
5.9 Ejakoloy8w na blepw device busy errors!
5.10 Merikh ektelesh toy (Partial playback) chfiopoihmenoy hxoy
5.11 Yparxoyn diakopes otan paizw MOD arxeia
5.12 La8h compile kata to compilation efarmogwn hxoy
5.13 SEGV otan trexw ektelesima arxeia hxoy ta opoia douleyan paliotera
5.14 Poia bugs h periorismoi einai mexri twra gnwsta stoys drivers hxoy;
5.15 Pou brisketai h tekmhriwsh twn sound driver ioctls() klp. ;
5.16 Ti CPU resources apaitountai wste na paizw h na hxografw hxoys xwris diakopes;
5.17 Problhmata me ton PAS16 kai ton Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adaptor
5.18 Einai dynato na diabazw kai na grafw deigmata (samples) taytoxrona;
5.19 H SB16 moy exei IRQ 2, alla to configure den epitrepei ayth thn timh
5.20 Yposthrizetai h "SoundBlaster AWE32" h h "SoundBlaster16 ASP";
5.21 An trejw Linux kai meta jekinhsw me DOS, pairnw la8h kai/h oi efarmoges hxoy poy exw den doyleuoyn swsta
5.22 Problhmata me to DOOM katw apo Linux
5.23 Pws mporw na meiwsw to 8orybo poy kanei h karta hxoy moy;
5.24 Mporw na paijw hxoys, alla oxi na hxografhsw
5.25 H "symbath" karta hxoy moy doyleuei mono an thn arxikopoihsw prwta sto MS-DOS.
5.26 H karta hxoy moy, h opoia einai symbath me thn 16-bit SoundBlaster, doyleuei mono se 8-bit mode katw apo Linux.
5.27 Pou mporw na brw efarmoges hxoy gia Linux ;
5.28 Mporw na kanw compile to driver ths kartas hxoy wste na fortwnetai sa module;
5.29 Mporw na xrhsimopoihsw thn karta hxoy gia na antikatasthsw to mpip ths konsolas toy systhmatos;
5.30 Ti einai to VoxWare
5.31 Yposthrizontai Plug and Play kartes hxoy;
5.32 To Sox/Play/Vplay bgazei mhnyma "invalid block size 1024"
5.33 Giati o driver hxoy exei to diko toy programma gia setarisma;>
5.34 Oi ry8miseis toy mixer arxikopoiountai ka8e fora poy fortwnw to module toy driver hxoy
5.35 Mono o xrhsths root mporei na hxografhsei hxo
5.36 Yposthrizetai hxos sto IBM ThinkPad;
6. Parapompes
______________________________________________________________________
1. Eisagwgh
Ayto to keimeno einai to Linux Sound HOWTO. Einai ena suntomo
egxeiridio poy kaluptei otidhpote xreiazetai kaneis na jerei gia thn
egkatastash kai ru8mish hxoy katw apo Linux. Apantame stis pio syxna
diatypwmenes erwthseis sxetika me thn yposthrijh hxoy se Linux, kai
parapempoyme se alles phges plhroforias panw se diafora 8emata sxetika
me ton hxo kai th moysikh poy paragetai apo ton ypologisth.
H estiash toy keimenoy ginetai gia kartes hxoy pertaining to Linux.
Gia perissoteres plhrofories panw stis kartes hxoy kai th dhmioyrgia
moysikhs, diabaste ta keimena poy anaferontai sto kefalaio Parapompes.
1.1. Eyxaristies
Oi perissoteres plhrofories prohl8an apo thn tekmhriwsh
(documentation) poy yphrxe ston kwdika toy driver hxoy, poy egrace o
Hannu Savolainen (hannu@voxware.pp.fi). Eyxaristoume ton Hannu kai
oloys osoys aneptyjan toys drivers hxoy kai boh8htikes efarmoges
(utilities) gia ton pyrhna toy Linux.
Xarh sto paketo SGML Tools, ayto to HOWTO diati8etai se diafora
formats ta opoia parax8hkan ola apo ena koino arxeio phgaioy kwdika
(source file).
1.2. Revision History
1h Ekdosh
. Stal8hke mono sth mailing list "SOUND channel of Linux
activists"
Ekdosh 1.2
mikres allages. H prwth ekdosh dia8esimh se archive sites
Ekdosh 1.3
metatraphke se SGML. Dia8esimh pia se diafora formats
xrhsimopoiwntas ta ergaleia Linuxdoc-SGML toy Matt Welsh's.
¢allaje polu h emfanish logw toy neoy format, enw to periexomeno
allaje elaxista
Ekdosh 1.4
minor tweaking of SGML. Proste8hke h apanthsh gia tis
asymbatothtes toy PAS16 kai Adaptec1542A SCSI adaptor
Ekdosh 1.5
h ekdosh 2.5a toy driver hxoy perilambanetai stis dianomes me
pyrhna 1.1. Shmeiwsh gia thn yposthrijh GUS-MAX. ¢alles mikres
allages
Ekdosh 1.6
proste8hke h plhroforia gia to la8os "no space on device".
Pros8hkh shmeiwshs pws to Hacker's Guide brisketai se "krymmeno"
directory. Pros8hkh erwthshs gia amfidromo (bidirectional)
mode. Plhroforia gia ta la8h "device busy". ¢alles mikres
allages
Ekdosh 1.7
proste8hke plhroforia gia tis ASP kai AWE32. To VoxWare 2.9
einai dia8esimo. Apanthsh sthn erwthsh gia th xrhsh toy IRQ2.
Anafores se Sound kai SCSI HOWTOs
Ekdosh 1.8
proste8hke h erwthsh gia la8h katw apo to DOS. Eginan polles
mikres allages wste na tairiazei me thn ekdosh 2.90 toy driver
hxoy. Plhrofories gia to DOOM. Apanthsh gia th meiwsh toy
8oruboy
Ekdosh 1.9
erwthseis gia thn hxografhsh kai gia clone cards
Ekdosh 1.10
anaferetai oti to HOWTO einai dia8esimo sto WWW, se ektypwmena
antigrafa, kai se metafrash. Plhroforia gia to DMA conflict me
ton QIC tape driver. Plhroforia gia thn Sound Galaxy NX Pro kai
Logitech BusMouse
Ekdosh 1.11
Mia polu ka8ysterhmenh enhmerwsh (Hmoyn polu apasxolhmenos). To
keimeno te8hke katw apo adeia GPL kai sygxronisthke me thn
ekdosh 3.0 gia driver hxoy. Plhrofories gia drivers poy
yposthrizoyn polles nees kartes hxoy. Perissoteres plhrofories
gia configuration kai troubleshooting. Proste8hkan polla HTML
links. Symmorfw8hke sumfwna me to format toy CD-ROM HOWTO
Ekdosh 1.12
Neoi drivers hxoy ston pyrhna 1.3.34. Nea onomata sound device.
H 1542 address einai h 334 kai oxi h 333. Dieykrinisthke h
katastash ths Creative Labs Emu kai ASP. Deikths pros ta Web
sites ths Creative Labs kai MediaTrix
Ekdosh 1.13
Shmeiwsh gia to onoma VoxWare. Enhmerwsh me oles tis
yposthrizomenes kartes hxoy kai tis epiloges stis ry8miseis.
Erwthsh gia yposthrijh Plug and Play. Erwthsh gia to problhma
toy block size. Nees epiloges sto xconfig kai menuconfig. To
modutils exei yposthrijh gia sound device. Efyge h mailing list
vger. Do8hke emfash sto Web site toy syggrafea. Diafores alles
mikres allages
Ekdosh 1.14
H Audio Excell DSP16 den yposthrizetai gia thn wra (8a prepei na
doylecei pali se merikous mhnes). Allages sto programma
configure. Dia8esimh h ekdosh toy Italikou HOWTO. Texnasma gia
na 8etoyme thn enisxysh toy mikth (mixer) otan fortwnetai to
module toy hxoy. O teleytaios sta8eros pyrhnas einai o 2.0. Neo
onoma gia to driver hxoy. Erwthsh gia ta dikaiwmata toy root sta
arxeia sound device
Ekdosh 1.15
afaire8hkan kapoies erwthseis poy htan polu palies kai axrhstes
pia. H nea hlektronikh dieu8ynsh toy syggrafea. Dior8w8hkan
merika links poy deixnoyn sta pio prosfata paketa logismikou.
Perissoteres plhrofories gia to biblio gia polymesa. Mikres
allages sthn or8ografia kai th suntajh
Ekdosh 1.16
Polles allages kai dior8wseis apo ton Hannu Savolainen.
Proste8hke ejamhniaia "uparjh-pio-prosfaths-ekdoshs-meta-apo"
hmeromhnia. Nea URL se web selida gia to biblio. link sthn
ispanikh metafrash. Mikres allages sthn or8ografia kai th
suntajh
Ekdosh 1.17
Dia8esimh h kinezikh ekdosh. Enallaktikos GUS driver. Packet
radio modem. To Linux Multimedia guide diati8etai sta gallika
kai giapwnezika. Anafores se dyo sxetika mini-HOWTOs. Deikths
gia to IBM ThinkPad
Ekdosh 1.18
Dia8esimh h koreatikh metafrash. Perissoteres plhrofories gia
thn katastash sxetika me ton hxo sto MIPS. Enhmerw8hkan oi
plhrofories gia yposthrijh pollaplwn kartwn hxoy. 8a prepei na
eiste root otan trexete to fuser
Ekdosh 1.19
Proste8hkan eggrafes sto eyrethrio. Te8hke katw apo ka8estws LDP
anti GPL
1.3. Nees ekdoseis toy keimenoy
Nees ekdoseis aytou toy keimenoy 8a stelnontai periodika sto
comp.os.linux.answers newsgroup. Epishs, 8a stelnontai se diafora
anwnyma ftp sites poy sygkentrwnoyn tetoies plhrofories opws kai to
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/>.
Hypertext ekdoseis aytou kai allwn Linux HOWTOs einai dia8esimes se
polla World-Wide-Web sites, symperilambanomenoy kai toy
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/>. Oi perissoteres dianomes Linux CD-ROM
periexoyn ta HOWTOs, synh8ws katw apo to directory /usr/doc, alla
mporeite na agorasete kai typwmena antigrafa apo diaforoys pwlhtes.
Merikes fores ta HOWTOs poy diati8entai apo toys promh8eytes twn CD-
ROM, ftp sites, kai h ektypwmenh morfh einai parwxhmena. An h
hmeromhnia aytou toy HOWTO einai palaioterh apo eji mhnes apo shmera,
tote polu pi8ana mia neoterh ekdosh na brisketai sto Internet.
Gallikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub2/linux/french/docs/HOWTO/>.
Giapwnezikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/>.
Italikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<http://www.psy.unipd.it/ildp/docs/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html>.
Ispanikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<http://www.insflug.nova.es/howtos/online/sonido/sonido-COMO.html>.
Kinezikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<http://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/~yorkwu/linux/howto/sound/>.
Koreatikh metafrash toy keimenoy diati8etai sto
<http://members.iWorld.net/mangchi/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html>.
Oi perissoteres metafraseis aytou toy keimenoy kai allwn Linux HOWTOs
briskontai sto
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/> kai sto
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/>.
An metafrasete ayto to keimeno se allh glwssa, eidopoihste me wste na
kanw mia anafora se ayto.
1.4. Feedback
Gia sxolia, parathrhseis, dior8wseis, enhmerwseis peri ths Ellhnikhs
metafrashs aytou toy HOWTO, steilte email sthn Boula Sanida :
voulariba@hellug.gr h ston Eyripidh Papakwsta : evris@hellug.gr kai
enallaktika : ep@rocketmail.com
Ayto to HOWTO mporei na beltiw8ei kai na einai pragmatika xrhsimo me
th boh8eia toy anagnwsth. An exete opoiadhpote protash, dior8wsh, h
sxolia, parakalw steilte ta sto tranter@pobox.com, kai 8a prospa8hsw
na ta enswmatwsw sthn epomenh ekdosh aytou toy keimenoy.
Eimai pro8ymos, an mporw, na apanthsw se genikes erwthseis sxetika me
tis kartes hxoy katw apo to Linux. Prin me rwthsete, diabaste
parakalw oles tis plhrofories poy parexei ayto to HOWTO, kai steilte
moy leptomereis plhrofories gia to problhma sas. Parakalw mh me rwtate
gia xrhsh kartwn hxoy se alla leitoyrgika systhmata ektos toy Linux.
Ean dhmosiopoihsete ayto to keimeno se CD-ROM h se xarti, 8a ektimousa
thn apostolh enos antigrafoy. Gracte moy gia ton taxydromiko moy
kwdika. Epishs analogis8eite thn periptwsh dwreas pros to Linux
Documentation Project gia na sthrijete thn yposthrijh ths dwrean
tekmhriwshs. Epikoinwnhste me ton syntonisth toy Linux HOWTO, Tim
Bynum <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu>, gia perissoteres
plhrofories.
1.5. Politikh Dianomhs
Copyright (c) 1995-1998 apo ton Jeff Tranter. Ayto to keimeno mporei
na diati8etai sumfwna me toys oroys poy perigrafontai sthn adeia
xrhshs LDP sto <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html>.
2. Texnologia kartwn hxoy
Se ayto to tmhma dinetai mia basikh perigrafh ths texnologias toy
chfiakou hxoy, me skopo na boh8hsei sthn katanohsh twn ennoiwn poy 8a
xrhsimopoih8oun parakatw sto keimeno. Gia kapoion poy 8elei na ma8ei
perissotera, kalo 8a htan na symboyleytei ena biblio gia chfiako hxo h
chfiakh epejergasia shmatos.
O hxos einai analogikos, mporei dhladh na labei opoiadhpote timh se
mia synexh klimaka. Oi ypologistes einai chfiakoi, doyleuoyn dhladh
me diakrites times. Oi kartes hxoy xrhsimopoioun mia syskeyh gnwsth
ws Metatropeas Analogikou Shmatos se Yhfiako Shma (Analog to Digital
Converter (A/D h ADC)) gia na metatrepei ta plath (voltages) ths
analogikhs hxhtikhs kymatomorfhs se chfiakes h ari8mhtikes times, oi
opoies mporoun na apo8hkeytoun sth mnhmh. Paromoia, enas Metatropeas
Yhfiakou Shmatos se Analogiko (D/A h DAC) metatrepei ari8mhtikes times
se analogikh tash h opoia me th seira ths odhgei ena megafwno,
paragontas hxo.
H diadikasia ths metatrophs toy analogikou shmatos se chfiako, gnwsth
ws deigmatolhcia, eisagei kapoio sfalma. Duo paragontes ka8orizoyn
poso kala to deigmatolhpthmeno shma antiproswpeuei to arxiko. O ry8mos
deigmatolhcias einai o ari8mos twn deigmatwn poy phrame ana monada
xronoy (synh8ws ekfrazetai se deigmata ana deyterolepto h Hertz). Enas
xamhlos ry8mos deigmatolhcias antiproswpeuei me ligoterh akribeia to
analogiko shma. Euros deigmatolhcias einai to euros twn timwn poy
xrhsimopoieitai gia na antiproswpeuei ka8e deigma, syxna ekfrazetai se
bits. Oso megalutero einai to euros deigmatolhcias, toso akribestero
8a einai to chfiako shma.
Oi kartes hxoy xrhsimopoioun synh8ws euros 8 h 16 bit deigmatwn me
ry8mous deigmatolhcias apo 4000 mexri 44,000 deigmata to deyterolepto.
Ta deigmata ayta mporoun na periexoyn ena kanali (mono) h duo
(stereo). Sun8esh FM (FM Synthesis) einai mia palioterh texnikh gia
paragwgh hxoy. Basizetai sto syndyasmo diaforetikwn kymatomorfwn (p.x
hmitonikh, triangle, square). H FM synthesis einai aplousterh sthn
ylopoihsh se hardware apo ton D/A metatropea, alla einai pio duskolh
ston programmatismo ths kai ligotero eyelikth. Polles kartes hxoy
parexoyn FM synthesis gia logoys symbatothtas me palioteres kartes kai
logismiko. Dinontai synh8ws epishs kai polles anejarthtes gennhtries
hxoy h fwnhs.
H sun8esh me bash pinakes kymatomorfwn (Wavetable Synthesis) syndyazei
thn eyelijia toy metatropea D/A me thn ikanothta pollaplwn kanaliwn
ths FM synthesis. Me ayto to sxhma oi chfiopoihmenes fwnes mporoun na
apo8hkeuontai se eidika afierwmenh mnhmh, kai na paizontai, na
syndyazontai, kai na metaballontai me mikrh epibarynsh ths CPU. Oi
kartes hxoy teleytaias texnologias yposthrizoyn oles wavetable
synthesis. Oi perissoteres kartes hxoy parexoyn th dynatothta gia
mijh (mixing), syndyasmo shmatwn apo diaforetikes phges eisodoy ka8ws
kai elegxo ths sta8mhs enisxyshs twn shmatwn (gain levels). MIDI
einai ta arxika toy Musical Instrument Digital Interface, to opoio
einai ena ka8ierwmeno prwtokollo toso hardware oso kai software gia na
epitrepei thn metaju twn moysikwn organwn epikoinwnia. Ta shmata poy
stelnontai se ena MIDI kanali (bus) mporoun na apo8hkeytoun san MIDI
arxeia gia th metepeita epejergasia (editing) kai anaparagwgh
(playback). Polles kartes hxoy parexoyn MIDI interface. Aytes poy de
dinoyn, mporoun na paizoyn MIDI arxeia xrhsimopoiwntas tis on-board
dynatothtes ths kartas hxoy. Ta MOD arxeia einai ena koino format gia
tragoudia poy syn8etontai se ypologisth. Ta arxeia ayta periexoyn
plhrofories gia tis notes poy 8a paixtoun ka8ws kai chfiopoihmena
deigmata twn organwn (h fwnwn). Ta MOD arxeia prohl8an apo ta
computers Amiga, alla paizoyn me to katallhlo logismiko kai se alla
leitoyrgika, symperilambanomenoy toy Linux.
3. Yposthrizomeno Hardware
Se ayto to tmhma akoloy8ei mia lista twn kartwn hxoykai interfaces poy
yposthrizontai mexri shmera apo to Linux. Oi plhrofories basizontai
ston pio prosfato pyrhna Linux, th stigmh ths syggrafhs toy keimenoy.
O driver hxoy exei th dikh toy ari8mhsh ekdosewn (versioning). H pio
prosfath ekdosh sta8erou pyrhna Linux einai h ekdosh 2.0.33, kai
xrhsimopoiei ton driver hxoy me ekdosh 3.5.4-960630.
O Hannu Savolainen egrace ton driver hxoy kai dia8etei tis nees beta
ekdoseis toy driver prin na enswmatw8oun se dianomh neoy sta8erou
pyrhna Linux. H pio enhmerwmenh lista twn yposthrizomenwn kartwn hxoy
brisketai sto <http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html>
(USA) h sto <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/new_cards.html>
(Eyrwph). Aytes oi selides deixnoyn poia ekdosh toy driver hxoy
apaiteitai gia to sygkekrimeno tupo kartas h an h yposthrijh ths
kartas brisketai ypo kataskeyh - anaptyjh. To arxeio
/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.cardsto opoio dianemetai me ton
sound driver toy antistoixoy pyrhna periexei plhrofories gia tis
yposthrizomenes kartes hxoy alla den einai panta h pio prosfath
ekdosh.
Oi plhrofories se ayto to HOWTO einai egkyres gia Linux poy trexei se
platforma Intel.
O driver hxoy prepei na doyleuei epishs me tis perissoteres kartes
hxoy se platforma Alpha. Parola ayta, merikes kartes mporei na exoyn
sugkroysh (conflict) me tis 8ures eisodoy-ejodoy (I/O ports) allwn
syskeywn sta systhmata Alpha akomh kai an doyleuoyn teleia se mhxanes
i386, gi' ayto genika den einai dynato na pei kaneis me sigoyria an
mia sygkekrimenh karta 8a doylecei h oxi xwris na to dokimasei. Th
stigmh poy grafetai to keimeno, o driver hxoy de doyleuei akomh gia
thn ekdosh toy Linux gia PowerPC, alla sto mellon 8a yposthrizetai. H
yposthrijh hxoy parexetai kai gia sthn metafora (port) toy Linux gia
MIPs, kai merikes mhxanes MIPs exoyn EISA slots kai/h enswmatwmeno
hardware hxoy. Plhroforh8hka pws h omada anaptyjhs toy Linux-MIPs
endiaferetai na pros8esei sto mellon yposthrijh gia hxo.
O pyrhnas toy Linux perilambanei ena jexwristo driver gia Atari kai
Amiga poy ylopoiei ena symbato yposunolo toy driver hxoy ths
platformas Intel, xrhsimopoiwntas to enswmatwmeno (built-in) sound
hardware aytwn twn mhxanwn.
H antistoixh metafora (port) toy Linux gia SPARC den yposthrizei hxo.
Opws sthn Amiga kai sta Atari, oi mhxanes SPARC exoyn enswmatwmeno
hardware hxoy, kai etsi h yposthrijh 8a mporouse na ginei me thn
dhmioyrgia enos neoy driver (h eirwneia einai pws sto Linux to
/dev/dsp prosomoiwnei to sound device toy SunOS!).
3.1. Kartes hxoy
· Oi parakatw kartes hxoy yposthrizontai apo ton Linux kernel sound
driver:
· ATI Stereo F/X (den kataskeyazetai pia)
· AdLib (den kataskeyazetai pia)
· Ensoniq SoundScape (kai oi symbates poy kataskeyasthkan apo tis
Reveal kai Spea)
· Gravis Ultrasound
· Gravis Ultrasound ACE
· Gravis Ultrasound Max
· Gravis Ultrasound me thn epilogh deigmatolhcias sta 16 bit
· Logitech Sound Man 16
· Logitech SoundMan Games
· Logitech SoundMan Wave
· MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C930, 82C924 chipsets)
· Media Vision Jazz16
· MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro
· Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)
· Mozart (OAK OTI-601)
· Orchid SW32
· Personal Sound System (PSS)
· Pro Audio Spectrum 16
· Pro Audio Studio 16
· Pro Sonic 16
· Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface
· Sound Blaster 1.0
· Sound Blaster 16
· Sound Blaster 16ASP
· Sound Blaster 2.0
· Sound Blaster AWE32
· Sound Blaster Pro
· TI TM4000M notebook
· ThunderBoard
· Turtle Beach Tropez ("klassikh" alla oxi Plus)
· Turtle Beach Maui
· Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 kai OPL4)
· 6850 UART MIDI Interface
Prepei na shmeiw8ei oti oi Plug and Play (PnP) kartes hxoy den einai
plhrws symbates me ta paliotera montela (mh PnP) ths idias syskeyhs.
Gia paradeigma, h SoundBlaster16 PnP den einai plhrws symbath me thn
SoundBlaster16. To idio isxuei gia tis kartes Soundscape PnP kai GUS
PnP. Perissoteres plhrofories sxetika me tis Plug and Play kartes, 8a
breite parakatw.
Oi parakatw kartes den yposthrizontai, eite giati einai polu palies
eite epeidh o kataskeyasths den 8a ekdwsei tis programmatistikes
leptomereies poy apaitountai gia na graftei enas driver:
· Pro Audio Spectrum (original)
· Pro Audio Spectrum+
· palies kartes hxoy (Sierra Aria based) ths Diamond
¢alles kartes hxoy poy isxyrizontai oti einai symbates me kapoia apo
tis yposthrizomenes kartes hxoy mporei na doylecoyn an einai symbates
se epipedo hardware (i.e. register level).
Parolo poy oi perissoteres kartes hxoy isxyrizontai oti einai symbates
me th "SoundBlaster", polu liges ap' aytes einai eparkws symbates wste
na doylecoyn me ton Linux SoundBlaster driver. Aytes oi kartes
synh8ws doyleuoyn kalutera xrhsimopoiwntas ton MSS/WSS h MAD16 driver.
Mono oi ay8entikes kartes SoundBlaster poy kataskeyazontai apo th
Creative Labs, kai poy xrhsimopoioun ta Creative's custom chips (p.x.
SoundBlaster16 Vibra), oi MV Jazz16 kai oi ESS688/1688 based kartes
doyleuoyn me ton SoundBlaster driver. To na prospa8hsete na sthsete
mia "16 bit karta hxoy symbath me SoundBlaster Pro" me ton
SoundBlaster driver einai synh8ws xasimo xronoy.
O pyrhnas toy Linux yposthrizei th 8ura SCSI poy parexoyn merikes
kartes hxoy (p.x. ProAudioSpectrum 16) kai to apokleistikhs
texnologias (proprietary) interface gia merikous odhgous CD-ROM (p.x.
Soundblaster Pro). Gia perissoteres plhrofories deite to SCSI HOWTO
kai to CDROM HOWTO.
Ena loadable module toy pyrhna gia yposthrijh 8uras joystick,
symperilambanomenhs kai ayths poy parexetai apo merikes kartes hxoy,
einai epishs dia8esimo.
Shmeiwste epishs pws oi drivers gia SCSI, CD-ROM, joystick kai hxoy,
einai entelws anejarthtoi metaju toys. Gia tis pio prosfates
plhrofories sxetika me toys drivers twn kartwn hxoy deite to WWW site
toy Hannu Savolainen poy anaferetai sto tmhma twn Parapompwn.
3.2. Enallaktikoi Drivers Hxoy
Yparxoyn merikoi "anepishmoi" drivers hxoy dia8esimoi, den
symperilambanontai se epishmes dianomes Linux, kai xrhsimopoiountai
anti toy ka8ierwmenoy driver hxoy.
Mia emporikh ekdosh toy Linux driver hxoy pwleitai apo th 4Front
Technologies. Prosferei kapoia epipleon xarakthristika apo th dwrean
ekdosh poy perilambanei o pyrhnas toy Linux. Gia perissoteres
plhrofories episkefteite th Web selida ths 4Front Technologies sto
<http://www.4front-tech.com/>.
O Markus Mummert (mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de) exei gracei ena
paketo (package) gia driver twn kartwn hxoy Turtle Beach MultiSound
(classic), Tahiti, kai Monterey. H tekmhriwsh toy anaferei:
"Exei sxediastei gia ychlhs pistothtas anaparagwgh kai hxo
grafhsh se sklhro disko xwris problhmata sygxronismou akoma
kai se ena apasxolhmeno susthma. Alla xarakthristika opws
wave synthesis, MIDI kai epejergasths chfiakou shmatos (dig
ital signal processor - DSP) den mporoun na xrhsimopoih8oun.
Epishs, h taytoxronh hxografhsh kai anaparagwgh den einai
dynath. Mexri twra antika8ista to VoxWare kai exei dokimas
tei me diaforoys pyrhnes ekdoshs poy kymainetai apo 1.0.9
ews 1.2.1. Epishs, einai dynaton na egkatasta8ei se systh
mata UN*X SysV386R3.2."
Mporeite na toys breite sto
<http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach>.
O Kim Burgaard (burgaard@daimi.aau.dk) exei gracei ena device driver
kai boh8htika programmata (utilities) gia to MIDI interface Roland
MPU-401. H antistoixh eggrafh sto Linux software map anaferei:
"Enas device driver gia alh8ina symbata MIDI interfaces me
to Roland MPU-401 (symperilambanomenoy toy Roland SCC-1 kai
toy RAP-10/ATW-10). Diati8etai me mia xrhsimh syllogh apo
boh8htikes efarmoges, symperilambanomenoy enos klassikou
MIDI File player kai recorder.
Polles beltiwseis exoyn ginei apo thn ekdosh 0.11a. Metaju
twn allwn, o driver twra yposxetai politikh dynatothtas
diamoirasmou IRQ (IRQ sharing policy) kai akoloy8ei ta stan
dards toy neoy interface gia ta modules toy pyrhna. Uparjh
metronomoy, dynatothta gia sygxronismo p.x. grafikwn ana
xtupo (beat) xwris apwleia akribeias, proxwrhmeno interface
replay/record/overdub kai polla, polla alla."
8a ton breite sto
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz>.
O Jaroslav Kysela kai merikoi alloi egracan enan enallaktiko driver
hxoy gia thn karta Gravis UltraSound. Plhrofories 8a breite sto
<http://romeo.pf.jcu.cz/~perex/ultra>, thn home page toy Linux
UltraSound Project.
Mia nea xrhsh gia karta hxoy katw apo Linux einai ws modem gia packet
radio. Oi prosfatoi pyrhnes 2.1.x periexoyn ena driver poy doyleuei
me th SoundBlaster kai tis symbates me Windows Sound System, poy
ylopoiei ta prwtokolla 1200 bps AFSK kai 9600 bps FSK. Deite to Linux
AX25 HOWTO gia leptomereies (Epi ti eykairia, eimai kai egw
radioerasitexnhs -- callsign VE3ICH).
3.3. Megafwno ypologisth
Enas enallaktikos driver hxoy einai dia8esimos, poy den apaitei
epipleon hardware hxoy. Xrhsimopoiei to eswteriko hxeio toy
ypologisth. Einai symbatos kyriws se epipedo software me ton driver
ths kartas hxoy, alla, opws einai kai anamenomeno, parexei ejodo polu
xeiroterhs poiothtas kai prokalei polu megaluterh epibarynsh sth CPU.
Ta apotelesmata poikiloyn, kai einai analoga twn xarakthristikwn twn
yparxontwn eswterikwn hxeiwn. Gia perissoteres plhrofories , deite thn
tekmhriwsh poy parexetai me thn ekdosh toy driver.
H trexoysa ekdosh einai h 1.1, kai 8a th breite sto
<ftp://ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/>
3.4. Parallhlh 8ura
Mia allh epilogh einai h dhmioyrgia enos chfioanalogikou metatropea
xrhsimopoiwntas mia parallhlh 8ura ektypwth kai kapoia epipleon ylika.
Ayto parexei ayjhmenh poiothta hxoy apo oti to eswteriko hxeio toy PC,
alla dhmioyrgei epishs megalh epibarynsh sth CPU. O driver hxoy gia
PC, poy anafer8hke parapanw, yposthrizei ayth th dynatothta kai
symperilambanei odhgies gia thn kataskeyh toy anagkaioy hardware.
4. Egkatastash
Gia na ry8misete to Linux wste na yposthrizei hxo akoloy8eite ta
parakatw bhmata:
1. Egkatasthste thn karta hxoy.
2. Ry8miste kai xtiste ton pyrhna wste na yposthrizei hxo.
3. Dhmioyrghste ta device files.
4. Epanekkinhsh toy pyrhna Linux kai elegxos ths egkatastashs.
Sta epomena tmhmata 8a paroysiasoyme ka8e ena apo ayta ta bhmata
analytika.
4.1. Egkatastash ths Kartas Hxoy
Akoloy8hste tis odhgies toy kataskeyasth gia thn egkatastash toy
hardware h zhthste apo ton antiproswpo poy agorasate th syskeyh na sas
thn egkatasthsei.
Oi palioteres kartes hxoy exoyn synh8ws diakoptes h jumpers gia to
IRQ, kanali DMA, klp. Katagracte tis times poy xrhsimopoihsate. An den
eisaste sigoyroi, xrhsimopoihste tis proka8orismenes, apo to
ergostasio, times. Prospa8hste na apofugete ta conflicts me alles
syskeyes (p.x. kartes diktuoy ethernet , kartes SCSI, parallhles kai
seiriakes 8ures) oso einai dynato.
Synh8ws 8a prepei na xrhsimopoihsete tis idies ry8miseis gia I/O port,
IRQ, kai DMA, poy xrhsimopoieite sto DOS. Se merikes periptwseis,
parola ayta, (eidika gia tis PnP kartes) isws xreiastei na
xrhsimopoihsete diaforetikes ry8miseis gia na kanete ta pragmata na
doylecoyn katw apo Linux.
4.2. Ry8mizontas ton Pyrhna
Me ka8e nea egkatastash Linux exete synh8ws ena precompiled pyrhna.
Aytoi oi pyrhnes den yposthrizoyn hxo. Einai protimotero na kanete
compile ton pyrhna monoi sas jana me toys drivers poy 8elete. Mporei
na 8elete na kanete compile jana ton pyrhna gia na anaba8misteite se
mia nea ekdosh h na eley8erwsete poroys mnhmhs mikrainontas to mege8os
toy pyrhna.
8a prepei na symboyleyteite to Linux Kernel HOWTO
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html> gia tis
leptomereies toy xtisimatos enos pyrhna. 8a anaferw apla merika 8emata
poy aptontai mono stis kartes hxoy.
An den exete ry8misei pote ton pyrhna wste na yposthrizei hxo, einai
kalh idea na diabasete ola ta arxeia Readme poy symperilambanontai me
toys drivers hxoy toy pyrhna, eidika tis plhrofories sxetika me ton
tupo ths kartas sas. Ta parakatw arxeia tekmhriwshs briskontai sto
kernel sound driver directory, synh8ws sto
/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound:
CHANGELOG - perigrafh twn allagwn ka8e ekdoshs
COPYING - copying kai copyright restrictions
Readme - ta pio prosfata kai shmantika nea
Readme.aedsp16 - plhrofories sxetika me thn karta hxoy Audio Excel DSP 16
Readme.cards - parathrhseis gia th ru8mish sygkekrimenwn kartwn
Readme.linux - parathrhseis gia thn egkatastash drivers hxoy diaforetikwn ekdosewn
Readme.modules - pws na kanete build ena driver sa loadable kernel module
Readme.v30 - nea xarakthristika sthn ekdosh 3.0 toy driver hxoy
experimental.txt - parathrhseis se peiramatika xarakthristika
Akoloy8hste thn typikh diadikasia gia to xtisimo toy pyrhna. Yparxoyn
ws twra 3 diaforetika interfaces gia th diadikasia ru8mishs. Grafontas
"make xconfig", exete ena grafiko user interface poy trexei sta X11.
Me thn entolh "make menuconfig" jekinate ena menu-based system poy
xrhsimopoiei mono apeikonish menu kai keimenoy. H klasikh me8odos,
xrhsimopoiwntas to "make config", prosferei ena aplo interface mono me
keimeno.
8a prepei na prosejete idiaitera otan xrhsimopoieite to "make xconfig"
h to "make menuconfig". Oles oi NAI/OXI erwthseis prepei na ejetastoun
prosektika. H proepilegmenh apanthsh poy exoyn oi entoles einai panta
OXI, to opoio den einai to katallhlo gia oles tis periptwseis.
Sygkekrimena h epilogh "/dev/dsp kai /dev/audio support"
(CONFIG_AUDIO) prepei na einai synh8ws NAI.
Ypo8etoyme oti xrhsimopoieite thn klassikh diadikasia gia na kanete
compile, grafontas "make config", an kai h diadikasia einai paromoia
gia ka8e periptwsh.
Yparxoyn epishs duo diaforetikoi tropoi gia na ry8misete ton hxo. O
prwtos einai o "palios" tropos (o monos poy yphrxe prin toys pyrhnes
2.0.0). Xrhsimopoiei ena standalone programma to opoio einai meros toy
driver hxoy. Ayth h me8odos doyleuei me tis perissoteres kartes hxoy
ektos apo elaxistes poy apaitoun epipleon drivers "xamhlou epipedoy"
(miroSOUND, AWE32, kai AEDSP16 cards).
O deuteros einai h "nea" kai kaluterh me8odos h opoia einai
enswmatwmenh me to configuration meso menou poy xrhsimopoieitai kai
gia ton ypoloipo pyrhna. Aytos o tropos de doyleuei me kartes hxoy poy
zhtoun arxeio firmware. Ayto perilambanei tis kartes PSS, SM Wave,
AudioTrix Pro kai TurtleBeach Tropez/Maui. Me aytes tis kartes prepei
na xrhsimopoih8ei h palia me8odos.
H nea me8odos xrhsimopoieitai panta apo to "make xconfig". Otan
xrhsimopoieite to "make menuconfig" mporeite na epilejete metaju toy
"paliou" kai "neoy" tropoy sthn ypoo8onh gia hxo. Otan trexete "make
config" xrhsimopoieitai aytomata h "palia" me8odos. Parola ayta, an
exete xrhsimopoihsei th "nea" me8odo mia fora, 8a xrhsimopoih8ei kai
apo to "make config" epishs. Mporeite na gyrisete ston palio tropo
trexontas to "make menuconfig" kai epilegontas ton "palio" tropo.
O tropos poy proteinoyme einai h xrhsh toy "make menuconfig" mazi me
thn "palia" me8odo ru8mishs hxoy. Polla problhmata egkatastashs
ofeilontai (toylaxiston se kapoio pososto) se lan8asmenh xrhsh toy
neoy tropoy.
Einai epishs dynato na fortwsete to driver hxoy san loadable module
toy pyrhna. Synistw arxika na xtisete to driver ston pyrhna. Afou
elegjete oti doyleuei, mporeite na peiramatisteite xrhsimopoiwntas thn
epilogh kernel module.
Otan trexete make config, energopoihste thn yposthrijh hxoy apantwntas
nai "y" sthn erwthsh
Sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND) [M/n/y/?]
Sto telos twn erwthsewn gia th ru8mish toy pyrhna, 8a ginei compile
ena programma ru8mishs hxoy, 8a trejei, kai 8a sas rwthsei tis
parametroys poy xreiazontai gia thn karta sas. Prosoxh stis apanthseis
sas mia kai an apanthsete mia erwthsh la8os mporei na sas empodisei
na apanthsete se merikes erwthseis poy akoloy8oun. Gia paradeigma, mhn
apanthsete nai "yes" sthn prwth erwthsh (PAS16) an den exete PAS16.
Mhn energopoieite perissoteres kartes hxoy apo oses xreiazeste, mia
kai spataloun mnhmh. Epishs merikoi drivers (opws o MPU-401) mporei na
kanoyn conflict me ton elegkth SCSI kai na empodizoyn ton pyrhna na
kanei boot.
Parakatw paroysiazw mia suntomh perigrafh ka8e epiloghs. Se ka8e
erwthsh mporeite na apanthsete "y" (nai) h "n" (oxi). H proka8orismenh
apanthsh "[Y/n/?]" shmainei "y" kai h "[N/y/?]" shmainei pws h
proka8orismenh apanthsh einai "n". Gia na dialejete thn proka8orismenh
timh, apla pathste Enter, alla 8ymh8eite oti h proka8orismenh timh den
einai aparaithta kai h swsth.
An gracete ena erwthmatiko ("?") 8a diabasete mia suntomh perigrafh
gia th sygkekrimenh epilogh.
Shmeiwste epishs oti mporei na mhn erwth8eite oles tis erwthseis. To
programma mporei na akyrwsei merikes erwthseis oi opoies ejartwntai
apo nwriterh apanthsh sas. Mporei epishs na dialejei merikes epiloges
gia sas, aytomata.
Old configuration exists in /etc/soundconf. Use it [Y/n/?]
An exete kanei compile prohgoymenws ton pyrhna me yposthrijh
hxoy, tote h prohgoumenh sas ru8mish mporei na sw8ei. An 8elete
na xrhsimopoihsete thn prohgoumenh egkatastash, pathste nai "y".
An 8elete nea ru8mish h exete anaba8mistei se neo pyrhna, 8a
prepei na apanthsete oxi "n" kai na synexisete th diadikasia
egkatastashs.
ProAudioSpectrum 16 support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste nai "y" mono an exete a Pro Audio Spectrum 16,
ProAudio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16. Mhn apantate 'y' an
exete kapoia allh karta kataskeyasmenh apo thn Media Vision h
thn Logitech mia poy den einai symbates me PAS16.
SoundBlaster support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste nai "y" an exete mia gnhsia karta SoundBlaster ths
Creative Labs h mia symbath 100% (opws h Thunderboard h h SM
Games). An h karta sas einai sthn lista twn yposthrizomenwn
kartwn koitajte tis odhgies gia aythn sto arxeio Readme.cards
prin apanthsete se ayth thn erwthsh. Gia mia agnwsth karta
mporeite na apanthsete "y'" an h karta isxyrizetai pws einai
symbath me SoundBlaster.
Gravis Ultrasound support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete GUS h GUS MAX. Apanthste "n" an den exete
GUS mia poy o driver katanalwnei polu mnhmh.
MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16) [Y/n/?]
Prosoxh se aythn thn erwthsh. To MPU-401 interface yposthrizetai
apo oles sxedon tis kartes hxoy. Parola ayta, kapoies kartes
poy yposthrizontai eggenws (natively)exoyn toys dikous toys
drivers gia to MPU-401. H energopoihsh thn epilogh MPU-401 se
aytes tis kartes 8a dhmioyrghsei conflict. Epishs, h
energopoihsh toy MPU-401 se ena susthma poy den exei pragmatika
MPU-401 8a mporouse na dhmioyrghsei kapoia problhmata. An h
karta sas den einai sth lista twn yposthrizomenwn kartwn,
koitajte tis odhgies gia thn sygkekrimenh karta sto arxeio
Readme.cards. Einai asfales na apanthsete "y" an exete mia karta
me alh8ino MPU-401 MIDI interface.
6850 UART Midi support [Y/n/?]
Einai asfales na apanthsete "n" se aythn thn erwthsh, se ka8e
periptwsh. To 6850 UART interface spania xrhsimopoieitai.
PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" mono an exete Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 h kapoia
allh karta poy basizetai sto PSS chipset (AD1848 codec +
ADSP-2115 DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP).
16 bit sampling option of GUS (not GUS MAX) [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete egkatesthmenh thn 16 bit sampling
daughtercard sthn GUS. Apanthste oxi "n" an exete GUS MAX.
Energopoiwntas ayth thn epilogh, apenergopoieitai h yposthrijh
gia GUS MAX.
GUS MAX support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" mono an exete GUS MAX.
Microsoft Sound System support [Y/n/?]
Skefteite prosektika kai edw, prin apanthsete "y" se ayth thn
erwthsh. Einai asfales na apanthsete "y" an exete thn gnhsia
Windows Sound System card ths Microsoft h ths Aztech, SG 16 Pro
(h NX16 Pro). Epishs mporeite na apanthsete "y" se periptwsh
poy h karta sas den anaferetai poy8ena mexri twra se ayto to
keimeno. Gia kartes poy yposthrizoyn eggenws VoxWare,
symboyleyteite tis odhgies tis sygkekrimenhs kartas sto
Readme.cards. Merikoi drivers parexoyn dikia toys yposthrijh MSS
kai energopoiwntas aythn thn epilogh 8a dhmioyrghsei conflict.
Ensoniq Soundscape support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete karta hxoy basismenh sto chipset Ensoniq
SoundScape. Tetoies kartes kataskeyazontai toylaxiston apo thn
Ensoniq, Spea kai thn Reveal (h Reveal kataskeyazei epishs kai
dikes ths kartes).
MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro support [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete thn AudioTriX Pro.
Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards?
Apanthste "y" an h karta sas dia8etei Mozart (OAK OTI-601) h
MAD16 (OPTi 82C928 h 82C929) tsip hxoy. Ayta ta tsips einai
pleon polu koina kai gi' ayto einai dynaton polles anwnymes
kartes na exoyn kapoia apo ta parapanw tsips. Epipros8eta, to
tsip MAD16 xrhsimopoieitai kai se merikes kartes poy
kataskeyazontai apo gnwstous kataskeyastes h Turtle Beach
(Tropez), h Reveal (merika montela ths), h Diamond (ta pio
prosfata).
Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete karta basismenh sto chipset Crystal
CS4232.
Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers
[Y/n/?]" Apanthste "y" an exete opoiadhpote apo aytes tis
kartes.
SoundBlaster Pro support [Y/n/?]
Energopoihste ayth thn epilogh an h karta sas einai h
SoundBlaster Pro h h SoundBlaster 16. Energopoihste thn epishs
gia opoiadhpote symbath me SoundBlaster Pro. An apanthsete "n"
ejoikonomeite mnhmh, alla h asfalhs apanthsh edw einai "y".
SoundBlaster 16 support [Y/n/?]
Energopoihste thn epilogh an exete thn SoundBlaster 16
(symperilambanetai kai h AWE32).
Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization support [Y/n/?]
Energopoihste ayth thn epilogh an exete thn karta Audio Excel
DSP16. Deite to arxeio Readme.aedsp16 gia perissoteres
plhrofories.
To programma 8a sas rwthsei merikes erwthseis sxetika me thn
yposthrijh kapoiwn akoma yphresiwn. Sas synistoume na apanthsete "y"
se ka8e mia apo aytes tis erwthseis. Apanthste "n" mono an gnwrizete
oti de 8a xreiasteite ayth thn epilogh.
/dev/dsp and /dev/audio support (usually required) [Y/n/?]
An apanthsete "n", apenergopoieite ta /dev/dsp kai /dev/audio,
toys metatropeis A/D kai D/A. Apanthste "y".
MIDI interface support [Y/n/?]
An apanthsete "n", apenergopoieite ta devices /dev/midixx kai
thn prosbash se opoiesdhpote 8ures MIDI xrhsimopoiwntas ta
/dev/sequencer kai /dev/music. Ayth h epilogh ephreazei epishs
opoiadhpote syskeyh MPU-401 kai/h symbath me General MIDI.
FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support [Y/n/?]
Edw apanthste "y".
/dev/sequencer support [Y/n/?]
An apanthsete "n", apenergopoieite ta /dev/sequencer kai
/dev/music
Do you want support for the mixer of SG NX Pro ?
Apanthste "y" an exete thn karta hxoy Sound Galaxy NX Pro kai
8elete yposthrijh gia tis ejtra leitoyrgies toy mikth (extended
mixer functions).
Do you want support for the MV Jazz16 (ProSonic etc.) ?
Apanthste "y" an exete thn karta hxoy MV Jazz16.
Do you have a Logitech SoundMan Games [Y/n/?]
Apanthste "y" an exete thn karta hxoy Logitech SoundMan Games.
Meta tis parapanw erwthseis gia kartes hxoy, to programma zhta
plhrofories gia th ru8mish ths sygkekrimenhs kartas. Synh8ws zhteitai
h dieu8ynsh I/O, oi times twn IRQ kai DMA. Gia merikes kartes, to
programma zhta merika arxeia poy 8a xrhsimopoih8oun kata thn
arxikopoihsh ths kartas. Ayta xrhsimopoiountai apo kartes poy
dia8etoyn DSP h mikroepejergasth poy prepei na arxikopoih8ei
"fortwnontas" ena arxeio (microcode) sthn karta. Se kapoies
periptwseis to arxeio ayto grafetai sto a .h apo to programma
ry8misewn kai meta enswmatwnetai ston driver kata to compile. Kai edw,
diabaste tis sygkekrimenes plhrofories gia thn karta sas sto arxeio
Readme.cards.
Sto telos 8a erwth8eite:
The sound driver is now configured.
Save copy of this configuration to /etc/soundconf [Y/n/?]
Fysiologika 8a apantousate "y" etsi wste an mellontika xreiastei na
kanete jana compile ton pyrhna, na exete thn epilogh na
xrhsimopoihsete to idio arxeio ry8misewn gia ton driver hxoy.
Ean anaba8mizete ton palio sas driver hxoy, sigoyreyteite oti ta
arxeia /usr/include/sys/soundcard.h kai /usr/include/sys/ultrasound.h
einai symbolika links sta antistoixa arxeia sto /usr/include/linux, h
apla oti periexoyn tis grammes #include <linux/soundcard.h> kai
#include <linux/ultrasound.h>, antistoixa.
Eiste twra etoimoi na kanete compile kai na sthsete to neo pyrhna.
4.3. Dhmioyrgia twn Device files
Gia swsth leitoyrgia, prepei na dhmioyrgh8oun device file entries gia
ta sound devices. Ayta kanonika dhmioyrgountai gia sas kata thn
egkatastash toy systhmatos Linux. Enas suntomos elegxos mporei na
ginei xrhsimopoiwntas thn entolh poy fainetai parakatw. An to
apotelesma einai ayto poy fainetai parakatw (h hmeromhnia 8a
diaferei), tote ta device files einai sxedon sigoyra entajei.
% ls -l /dev/sndstat
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 14, 6 Apr 25 1995 /dev/sndstat
Shmeiwste oti to na exete ta swsta device files den eggyatai tipota
apo mono toy. O driver toy pyrhna prepei epishs na fortw8ei h na
ginei compile prin na doylecoyn ta devices (perissotera gi' ayto
parakatw).
Se spanies periptwseis, an pisteuete oti einai la8os ta device files,
mporeite na ta janadhmioyrghsete xrhsimopoiwntas to mikro shell script
poy brisketai sto telos toy arxeioy Readme.linux sto directory
/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound, trexontas to sa xrhsths root.
Enallaktika, oi perissoteres dianomes Linux exoyn ena script
/dev/MAKEDEV to opoio mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei gi' ayto to skopo.
An xrhsimopoieite to PC speaker sound driver, diabaste thn tekmhriwsh
poy erxetai mazi me to paketo wste na apofasisete an prepei na
dhmioyrgh8oun tipota device files.
4.4. Epanekkinhsh toy Linux kai Elegxos ths Egkatastashs
8a prepei twra na eiste etoimoi na jekinhsete to neo pyrhna kai na
elegjete toys drivers hxoy. Akoloy8hste th synh8ismenh diadikasia
egkatastashs kai epanekkinhshs toy neoy pyrhna (krathste fysika kapoy
ton palio pyrhna gia tyxon problhmata).
Kata thn ekkinhsh, elegjte gia mhnyma san to parakatw on powerup (an
ta mynhmata emfanizontai polu grhgora kai den prolabainete na ta
diabasete, mporeite na ta deite grafontas thn entolh dmesg):
Sound initialization started
<Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
<Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
<Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
Sound initialization complete
Ayto 8a prepei na tairiazei me ton tupo ths kartas hxoy sas kai ta
jumper settings (an yparxoyn).
Shmeiwste oti ta parapanw mhnumata den emfanizontai otan
xrhsimopoieite loadable sound driver module (ektos kai an to
energopoihsete, p.x. xrhsimopoiwntas to "insmod sound trace_init=1).
Otan o driver hxoy ginetai link ston pyrhna, prepei na emfanistoun ta
mhnumata "Sound initialization started" kai "Sound initialization
complete". An den typwnontai, shmainei oti den yparxei driver hxoy
ston pyrhna. Se ayth thn periptwsh, 8a prepei na elegjete oti
xrhsimopoieite pragmati ton pyrhna poy kanate compile otan
energopoihsate to driver hxoy.
An den typwnetai tipota metaju twn grammwn "Sound initialization
started" kai "Sound initialization complete", shmainei oti den
anixneu8hkan syskeyes hxoy. Polu pi8ana, ayto shmainei oti den exete
energopoihsei to swsto driver, h karta den yposthrizetai, to I/O port
is bad h oti exete karta PnP h opoia den ry8misthke swsta.
O driver mporei epishs na emfanisei merika mhnumata la8oys kai
proeidopoihseis (warnings) kata thn ekkinhsh (boot). Prosejte gia
tetoia mhnumata otan jekina to susthma gia prwth fora meta th ru8mish
toy driver hxoy.
To epomeno bhma einai na elegjete to device file /dev/sndstat. An
diabasete to status device file toy driver hxoy 8a sas dwsei epipleon
plhrofories gia to an o driver ths kartas hxoy exei arxikopoih8ei
swsta. Ena typiko apotelesma 8a fainetai opws to parakatw:
% cat /dev/sndstat
Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
Config options: 0
Installed drivers:
Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
Type 2: Sound Blaster
Type 7: SB MPU-401
Card config:
Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0
Audio devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)
Synth devices:
0: Yamaha OPL-3
Midi devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16
Timers:
0: System clock
Mixers:
0: Sound Blaster
H parapanw entolh mporei na anaferei merika mhnumata la8oys. To "No
such file or directory" deixnei oti prepei na dhmioyrghsete ta device
files (deite to tmhma 4.3). To "No such device" shmainei oti o driver
hxoy den einai fortwmenos h den exei ginei link ston pyrhna.
Epistrecte sto tmhma 4.2 gia na to dior8wsete.
An oi grammes sto "Card config:" gia to /dev/sndstat briskontai entos
paren8eshs (opws: "(SoundBlaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)"), shmainei
pws h syskeyh ayth parolo poy ry8misthke, den entopisthke apo to
susthma.
Twra 8a prepei na eisaste etoimoi na paijete ena aplo arxeio hxoy.
Breite ena tetoio arxeio kai steilte to sthn karta, san ena basiko
test ths dynatothtas paragwghs hxoy, p.x.:
% cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
% cat crash.au >/dev/audio
(Sigoyreyteite pws den paraleicate to ">" stis parapanw entoles).
Shmeiwste pws genika, h xrhsh toy cat den einai o katallhlos tropos na
paizete arxeia hxoy, alla apla ena grhgoro test. 8a xreiastei na
breite ena pragmatiko programma hxoy (8a perigrafoun argotera) poy 8a
kanei kaluterh doyleia.
Ayth h entolh 8a doylecei mono an yparxei toylaxiston mia syskeyh sto
tmhma me ta audio devices toy /dev/sndstat. An to tmhma twn audio
devices einai adeio, prepei na elegjete giati h syskeyh den
entopisthke.
An oi parapanw entoles epistrefoyn "I/O error", 8a prepei na koitajete
sto telos twn mhnymatwn toy pyrhna poy emfanizontai me thn entolh
"dmesg". Einai polu pi8ano ena mhnyma la8oys na emfanizetai ekei.
Polu syxna to mhnyma einai "Sound: DMA (output) timed out - IRQ/DRQ
config error;". To parapanw mhnyma shmainei oti o driver den elabe to
anamenomeno interrupt apo thn karta hxoy. Stis perissoteres
periptwseis ayto shmainei oti to IRQ h to kanali DMA poy ry8misthke
ston driver de doyleuei. O kaluteros tropos na to kanete na doylecei
einai na dokimaste ola ta pi8ana DMAs kai IRQs poy yposthrizontai apo
th syskeyh.
¢llos pi8anos logos einai oti h syskeyh den einai symbath me th
syskeyh gia thn opoia ry8misthke o driver. Ayth einai sxedon panta h
periptwsh otan mia ypoti8emenh "symbath me SoundBlaster (Pro/16)"
karta hxoy de doyleuei me to driver gia SoundBlaster. Se ayth thn
periptwsh, dokimaste na breite th syskeyh me thn opoia h karta hxoy
sas einai symbath (stelnontas, gia paradeigma, mhnyma sto newsgroup
comp.os.linux.hardware).
Merika deigmata arxeiwn hxoy 8a breite sto
url="ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-
data-0.1.tar.Z">
Twra mporeite na elegjete thn hxografhsh hxoy. An exete dynatothta gia
eisodo hxoy (sound input), mporeite na kanete ena grhgoro test
xrhsimopoiwntas tis entoles:
# hxografei 4 deyt/pta hxoy apo to mikrofwno
EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >sample.au
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
# play back sound
% cat sample.au >/dev/audio
Fysika gia na doylecei kati tetoio, xreiazeste ena mikrofwno
syndedemeno sthn karta hxoy sas kai 8a prepei na milhsete s' ayto.
Mporei na xreiasteite ena programma mixer gia na 8esete to mikrofwno
ws thn phgh eisodoy kai na ry8misete thn entash ths hxografhshs.
An ta test ayta oloklhrw8oun epityxws, mporeite na eisaste hsyxoi, se
logika plaisia bebaia, pws ta D/A kai A/D hardware kai software
doyleuoyn. An antimetwpisete problhmata, diabaste to epomeno tmhma
aytou toy keimenoy.
4.5. Troubleshooting
An akoma antimetwpizete problhmata parolo poy akoloy8hsate tis odhgies
toy HOWTO, edw yparxoyn merika pragmata poy mporeite na elegjete. Oi
elegxoi anagrafontai me aujoysa seira polyplokothtas. An enas elegxos
apotuxei, luste to problhma prin proxwrhsete sto epomeno bhma.
4.5.1. Bhma 1: Bebaiw8eite pws pragmatika trexete ton pyrhna poy
kanate compile.
Mporeite na elegjete to date stamp toy pyrhna gia na deite oti
xrhsimopoieite ayton poy kanate compile me yposthrijh hxoy. Ayto
mporeite na to kanete me thn entolh uname:
% uname -a
Linux fizzbin 2.0.0 #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT 1996 i386
h koitwntas to arxeio /proc/version:
% cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.0.0 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.0) #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT 1996
An to date stamp den tairiazei me thn hmeromhnia poy kanate compile
ton pyrhna, tote trexete enan palio pyrhna. Kanate reboot; An
xrhsimopoieite LILO to janaegkatasthsate (typika trexontas
/etc/lilo/install); An jekinhsete apo disketa, dhmioyrghsate nea boot
disketa kai an nai, thn xrhsimopoihsate kata thn ekkinhsh;
4.5.2. Bhma 2: Bebaiw8eite pws oi drivers hxoy toy pyrhna symper
ilhf8hsan sto compile.
O aplousteros tropos gia ayto, einai na elegjete thn ejodo toy
"dev/sndstat" opws perigrafhke nwritera. An h ejodos den einai h
anamenomenh tote kati phge la8os me tis ry8miseis toy pyrhna h to
build toy. Arxiste jana thn diadikasia egkatastashs, jekinwntas apo to
configuration kai to xtisimo toy pyrhna.
4.5.3. Bhma 3: Anagnwrise o pyrhnas thn karta hxoy kata thn ekkinhsh;
Bebaiw8eite pws h karta hxoy entopisthke apo ton pyrhna kata thn
ekkinhsh. 8a prepei na eidate kapoio mhnyma kata thn ekkinhsh. An ta
mhnumata kanane scroll ejw apo thn o8onh sas, mporeite na ta janadeite
me thn entolh dmesg:
% dmesg
h
% tail /var/adm/messages
An h karta hxoy sas den bre8hke tote kati paei la8os. Bebaiw8eite pws
exei alh8ina egkatasta8ei. An h karta hxoy doyleuei se DOS tote
mporeite na eisaste sxetika sigoyroi pws to hardware doyleuei, kai ara
prokeitai gia problhma stis ry8miseis toy pyrhna. H dhlwsate thn karta
sas ws la8os tupo, h me la8os parametroys, h h karta hxoy sas den
einai symbath me kanenan driver kartas hxoy toy pyrhna toy Linux.
Mia pi8anothta einai oti h karta hxoy sas einai mia apo tis "symbatou"
tupoy poy xreiazetai arxikopoihsh apo to DOS driver. Dokimaste na
ekkinhsete DOS kai na fortwsete to driver poy parexetai apo ton pwlhth
ths karta hxoy. Meta epanekkinhste (soft boot) se Linux patwntas
Control-Alt-Delete. Sigoyreyteite oti h dieu8ynsh I/O ths kartas hxoy,
oi ry8miseis DMA kai IRQ sto Linux einai idies opws kai sto DOS.
Diabaste to arxeio Readme.cards apo th dianomh toy phgaioy kwdika toy
driver ths kartas hxoy gia tyxon ypodeijeis gia th ru8mish kartas
hxoy aytou toy tupoy.
An h karta hxoy sas de symperilambanetai se ayto to keimeno, einai
pi8ano oti oi Linux drivers den thn yposthrizoyn. Mporeite na to
elegjete me kapoies apo tis parapompes poy briskontai gia boh8eia sto
telos toy keimenoy.
4.5.4. Bhma 4: Mporeite na diabasete dedomena apo to dsp device ;
Prospa8hste na diabasete apo th syskeyh /dev/audio xrhsimopoiwntas thn
entolh dd poy paroysiasthke nwritera se ayto to keimeno. H entolh
prepei na trexei xwris la8h.
An de doyleuei, tote to pi8anotero einai pws to problhma einai IRQ h
DMA conflict h kapoio eidos asymbatothtas se epipedo hardware (h
syskeyh den yposthrizetai apo to Linux h o driver exei ry8mistei gia
la8os syskeyh).
Mia mikrh pi8anothta einai h uparjh elattwmatikou hardware. Dokimaste
na elegjete thn karta hxoy sto DOS, an einai dynato, wste na
ejaleicete ayth thn pi8anothta.
4.5.5. Otan ola exoyn apotuxei
.
An ejakoloy8eite na exete problhmata, deite parakatw merikes telikes
protaseis gia to ti mporeite na dokimasete:
· janadiabaste prosektika ayto to HOWTO
· diabaste tis parapompes poy yparxoyn sto telos toy keimenoy, eidika
tis web selides toy Hannu Savolainen's kai ta sxetika Readme arxeia
toy phgaioy kwdika toy pyrhna
· steilte mia erwthsh se ena newsgroup toy comp.os.linux h kapoio
allo Usenet newsgroup (to comp.os.linux.hardware einai mia kalh
epilogh. Ejaitias toy megaloy fortoy se ayta ta gkroyp boh8aei na
balete th lejh "sound" sthn epikefalida toy subject toy mhnumatos
etsi wste na to doyn oi katallhloi eidikoi)
· To na xrhsimopoihsete mia Web/Usenet search engine me ejypna
dialegmena krithria anazhthshs mporei na sas dwsei polu kala
apotelesmata kai grhgora. Mia tetoia epilogh einai to
<http://www.altavista.digital.com>
· Dokimaste na xrhsimopoihsete ton pio prosfato pyrhna Linux (alla
mono san ustath prospa8eia, oi pio prosfatoi ypo anaptyjh pyrhnes
mporei na einai asta8eis)
· steilte mail sto syggrafea toy driver hxoy
· steilte mail sto syggrafea toy Sound HOWTO
· shkwste to emacs kai gracte Esc-x doctor :-)
Paroysiazw edw ena deigma toy tupoy twn efarmogwn poy pi8ana 8a 8elete
an exete egkatasthsei karta hxoy se Linux. Mporeite na elegjete to
Linux Software Map, ta Internet archive sites, kai/h ta arxeia sto
Linux CD-ROM poy exete gia pio prosfates plhrofories .
Polu pi8ana 8a 8elete na apokthsete toylaxiston tis parakatw efarmoges
:
· boh8htikh efarmogh gia metatroph format hxoy (p.x. Sox)
· boh8htikh efarmogh mikth (mixer utility) (p.x. aumix h xmix)
· player/recorder chfiopoihmenwn arxeiwn (p.x. play h wavplay)
· MOD file player (p.x. tracker)
· MIDI file player (p.x. playmidi)
Yparxoyn text-based alla kai GUI-based ekdoseis gia ta perissotera apo
ayta ta ergaleia. Yparxoyn epishs merikes perissotero esoteric
efarmoges (p.x. anagnwrish kai sun8esh fwnhs) poy isws 8elete na
dokimasete.
5. Apanthseis se Syxna Diatypwmenes Erwthseis
Ayto to tmhma apanta se erwthseis poy ginontai syxna sta Usenet news
groups kai tis mailing lists.
Apanthseis se perissoteres erwthseis 8a breite sth web selida toy OSS
driver hxoy.
5.1. Ti einai ta sound device files;
Ayta einai pio "stantar" onomata twn device files, merikes dianomes
Linux mporei na xrhsimopoihsoyn ligo diaforetika onomata.
/dev/audio
kanonika ena link sto /dev/audio0
/dev/audio0
audio device symbato me Sun workstation (merikh mono ylopoihsh,
den yposthrizei Sun ioctl interface, mono kwdikopoihsh u-law)
/dev/audio1
deutero audio device (an yposthrizetai apo thn karta hxoy h an
exoyn egkatasth8ei perissoteres apo mia kartes hxoy)
/dev/dsp
kanonika ena link sto /dev/dsp0
/dev/dsp0
prwth syskeyh chfiakhs deigmatolhcias (digital sampling)
/dev/dsp1
deuterh syskeyh chfiakhs deigmatolhcias (digital sampling)
/dev/mixer
kanonika ena link sto /dev/mixer0
/dev/mixer0
prwtos mikths (mixer) hxoy
/dev/mixer1
deutero mikths (mixer) hxoy
/dev/music
high-level sequencer interface
/dev/sequencer
low level MIDI, FM, kai GUS access
/dev/sequencer2/
kanonika ena link sto /dev/music
/dev/midi00
prwth 8ura raw MIDI
/dev/midi01
deuterh 8ura MIDI
/dev/midi02
trith 8ura MIDI
/dev/midi03
tetarth 8ura MIDI
/dev/sndstat
emfanizei thn katastash toy driver hxoy otan diabastei
O PC speaker driver parexei ta parakatw devices :
/dev/pcaudio
isodunamo me to /dev/audio
/dev/pcsp
isodunamo me to /dev/dsp
/dev/pcmixer
isodunamo me to /dev/mixer
5.2. Pws mporw na paijw enan hxo ;
Ta Sun workstation (.au) arxeia hxoy mporoun na paixtoun stelnontas ta
sto /dev/audio device. Ta raw samples mporoun na staloun sto /dev/dsp.
Omws, ayto 8a dwsei genika ftwxo apotelesma, kai h xrhsh enos
programmatos opws to play einai protimoterh, mia kai 8a anagnwrisei
toys perissoteroys tupoys arxeiwn kai 8a 8esei thn karta hxoy sto
swsto ry8mo deigmatolhcias, klp.
Programmata opws to wavplay h to vplay (mesa sto paketo snd-util) 8a
dwsoyn kalutera apotelesmata me ta arxeia WAV files. Parolayta, den
anagnwrizoyn ta WAV arxeia me sympiesh Microsoft ADPCM. Epishs,
palioteres ekdoseis toy play (apo to paketo Lsox) de doyleuoyn kala me
WAV arxeia 16 bit.
H entolh splay poy perilambanetai sto paketo snd-util mporei na
xrhsimopoih8ei gia na paijete ta perissotera arxeia hxoy an do8oun oi
katallhloi parametroi me to xeri se command line.
5.3. Pws mporw na hxografhsw enan hxo ;
An diabasete to /dev/audio h to /dev/dsp 8a sas epistrecei sampled
data ta opoia mporoun na staloun se ena arxeio. Ena programma san to
vrec kanei eykolotero ton elegxo toy ry8mou deigmatolhcias, ths
diarkeias, klp. Mporei na xreiasteite epishs ena programma mikth
(mixer) gia na epilegete thn katallhlh syskeyh eisodoy.
5.4. Mporw na exw perissoteres apo mia kartes ;
Me ton trexonta driver hxoy einai dynato na exete thn idia stigmh sto
susthma diafores kartes opws SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster/Pro,
SoundBlaster16, MPU-401 h MSS. H egkatastash duo kartwn SoundBlaster
einai dynath alla apaitei na orisete xeirokinhta ta macros SB2_BASE,
SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA kai (se merikes periptwseis) SB2_DMA2 anoigontas se
enan editor to local.h. Einai epishs dynato na exete mia SoundBlaster
thn idia stigmh me ena PAS16.
Me toys neoys pyrhnes 2.0.x poy ry8mizoyn ton hxo me thn entolh make
config, anti na gracete sto arxeio local.h, prepei na anoijete to
arxeio /usr/include/linux/autoconf.h. Meta to tmhma poy exei tis
parakatw grammes :
#define SBC_BASE 0x220
#define SBC_IRQ (5)
#define SBC_DMA (1)
#define SB_DMA2 (5)
#define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
#define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)
pros8este aytes tis grammes (me tis katallhles times gia to susthma
sas):
#define SB2_BASE 0x330
#define SB2_IRQ (7)
#define SB2_DMA (2)
#define SB2_DMA2 (2)
Oi parakatw drivers den epitrepoyn pollapla instances:
· GUS (periorismos apo driver)
· MAD16 (periorismos apo hardware)
· AudioTrix Pro (periorismos apo hardware)
· CS4232 (periorismos apo hardware)
5.5. Error: No such file or directory for sound devices
Xreiazetai na dhmioyrghsete ta device files toy driver hxoy. Deite to
tmhma sxetika me th dhmioyrgia device files. An exete device files,
sigoyreyteite oti exoyn to swsto megisto kai elaxisto ari8mo syskeyhs
(device) (merikes palioteres dianomes CD-ROM Linux mporei na mh
dhmioyrgoun ta swsta device files kata thn egkatastash).
5.6. Error: No such device for sound devices
Den exete jekinhsei me pyrhna poy periexei ton driver hxoy h h ru8mish
ths I/O dieu8ynshs den tairiazei me to hardware. Elegjte oti trexete
ton pyrhna poy molis kanate compile kai epibebaiwste oti oi ry8miseis
poy dwsate kata th ru8mish toy driver hxoy symfwnoun me to hardware
setup.
5.7. Error: No space left on device for sound devices
Ayto mporei na symbei an prospa8hsate na hxografhsete hxo sto
/dev/audio h /dev/dsp xwris na exete prwta dhmioyrghsei ta aparaithta
device files. H syskeyh hxoy einai twra ena kanoniko arxeio, kai exei
gemisei to partition toy sklhrou sas diskoy. 8a prepei na trejete to
script poy perigrafetai sto tmhma "Dhmioyrgia twn Device files" aytou
toy keimenoy.
Ayto mporei na symbei epishs me to Linux 2.0 kai megalutero an den
yparxei arketh eleu8erh mnhmh (RAM) sto susthma otan anoigei h device.
O driver hxoy apaitei toylaxiston duo selides (8k) fysikhs synexomenhs
RAM gia ka8e kanali DMA. Ayto symbainei merikes fores se mhxanes me
ligoterh apo 16M mnhmh h poy trexoyn gia megalo xroniko diasthma.
Einai dynato na eley8erwsete ligh mnhmh kanontas compile kai trexontas
to parakatw C programma prin na prospa8hsete na anoijete jana to
device :
main() {
int i;
char mem[500000];
for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
mem[i] = 0;
exit(0);
}
5.8. Error: Device busy for sound devices
Mono mia diadikasia mporei na anoijei mia dosmenh syskeyh hxoy thn
idia stigmh. Polu pi8ana merikes alles diergasies xrhsimopoioun th
syskeyh gia thn opoia ginetai logos. Enas tropos na bebaiw8eite einai
na xrhsimopoihsete thn entolh fuser :
% fuser -v /dev/dsp
/dev/dsp: USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
tranter 265 f.... tracker
Sto parapanw paradeigma, h entolh fuser edeije oti h diadikasia
(process) 265 eixe th syskeyh anoikth. An perimenete th diadikasia na
oloklhrw8ei h th skotwsete 8a mporeite meta na exete jana prosbash sth
syskeyh hxoy. 8a prepei na trejete thn entolh fuser sa root etsi wste
na anaferetai h xrhsh kai apo alloys xrhstes ektos apo esas.
5.9. Ejakoloy8w na blepw device busy errors!
Sumfwna me ton Brian Gough, gia tis kartes SoundBlaster poy
xrhsimopoioun to DMA kanali 1 yparxei mia pi8anh potential sugkroysh
(conflict) me ton tape driver QIC-02, poy xrhsimopoiei epishs to DMA
1, prokalwntas la8h "device busy". An xrhsimopoieite FTAPE, mporei na
exete energopoihsei ayto to driver. Sumfwna me to FTAPE-HOWTO o driver
QIC-02 den einai aparaithtos gia th xrhsh toy FTAPE; mono o driver
QIC-117 apaiteitai. An ry8misete jana ton pyrhna wste na xrhsimopoiei
ton QIC-117 kai oxi ton QIC-02, to FTAPE kai o driver hxoy 8a mporoun
na synyparxoyn.
5.10. Merikh ektelesh toy (Partial playback) chfiopoihmenoy hxoy
To sumptwma einai synh8ws oti ena deigma hxoy (sound sample) paizei
peripoy gia ena deyterolepto kai meta stamata teleiws h anaferei
kapoio mhnyma la8oys opws "missing IRQ" h "DMA timeout". Polu pi8ana
den exete swstes ry8miseis IRQ h sto kanali DMA. Bebaiw8eite oti oi
ry8miseis toy pyrhna symfwnoun me ta jumper settings ths kartas hxoy
kai oti de dhmioyrgeitai kapoio conflict me allh karta.
¢llo sumptwma einai deigmata hxoy (sound samples) poy epanalambanontai
synexeia ("loop"). Ayto synh8ws ofeiletai se IRQ conflict.
5.11. Yparxoyn diakopes otan paizw MOD arxeia
Gia na paijete arxeia MOD files apaiteitai shmantikh CPU power. Mporei
na trexete polles diadikasies h o ypologisths sas na einai polu argos
gia na paijei se pragmatiko xrono (real time). Oi epiloges poy exte
einai :
· dokimaste na paijete me mikrotero ry8mo deigmatolhcias h se mono
mode
· ligostecte tis alles diadikasies
· agoraste ena kalutero ypologisth
· agoraste mia isxyroterh karta hxoy (p.x. Gravis UltraSound)
An exete karta Gravis UltraSound, 8a prepei na xrhsimopoieite enan apo
toys mod file players poy exoyn graftei eidika gia kartes GUS (p.x.
gmod).
5.12. La8h compile kata to compilation efarmogwn hxoy
H ekdosh 1.0c kai palioteres toy driver hxoy xrhsimopoiousan ena
diaforetiko kai asumbato ioctl() sxhma. Apokthste ena pio prosfato
phgaio kwdika h kante tis aparaithtes allages kai prosarmoste tis sto
neo driver hxoy. Deite toReadme arxeio toy driver hxoy gia
perissoteres leptomereies.
Epishs sigoyreyteite oti xrhsimopoihsate thn pio prosfath ekdosh toy
soundcard.h kai ultrasound.h otan kanate compile thn efarmogh. Deite
tis odhgies egkatastashs sthn arxh aytou toy keimenoy.
5.13. SEGV otan trexw ektelesima arxeia hxoy ta opoia douleyan
paliotera
Ayto to problhma einai pi8anws to idio me ayto poy perigracame sthn
prohgoumenh erwthsh.
5.14. Poia bugs h periorismoi einai mexri twra gnwsta stoys drivers
hxoy;
Deite to arxeio Readme kai ta arxeia CHANGELOG poy perilambanontai
ston phgaio kwdika toy driver hxoy.
5.15. Pou brisketai h tekmhriwsh twn sound driver ioctls() klp. ;
Ayta exoyn tekmhriw8ei merika sto Hacker's Guide to VoxWare, ta opoia
einai dia8esima se draft morfh. H pio prosfath ekdosh einai to draft
2, kai mporeite na th breite sto
<ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>. Shmeiwste oti to
directory einai "kryfo" kai de 8a emfanistei sta periexomena toy
directory. An kanete "cd" se ayto to directory kai xrhsimopoihsete thn
FTP entolh "dir", ta arxeia einai ekei.
To diasthma poy grafetai ayto to keimeno, ena neo keimeno tekmhriwshs
einai dia8esimo sto Web site ths 4Front Technologies.
¢llh phgh plhroforias einai to Linux Multimedia Guide, to opoio
perigrafetai sto tmhma "Parapompwn".
5.16. Ti CPU resources apaitountai wste na paizw h na hxografw hxoys
xwris diakopes;
Den yparxei apanthsh se ayth thn erwthsh, ka8ws ejartatai apo to:
· an xrhsimopoieite PCM sampling h sun8esh FM
· ry8mo kai euros deigmatolhcias
· poia efarmogh xrhsimopoieitai gia na anaparagete h na hxografeite
hxo
· to hardware ths kartas hxoy
· o ry8mos I/O diskoy, taxuthta CPU clock, mege8os cache, klp.
Genika, opoiadhpote mhxanh 386 8a prepei na mporei na paizei me
eykolia hxoys h moysikh FM synthesized me mia 8 bit karta hxoy. To na
paijete, omws, MOD arxeia apaitei megalh ypologistikh isxu. Merikes
peiramatikes metrhseis edeijan oti to na paizeis sta 44kHz apaitei
perissotero apo 40% ths taxuthtas enos 486/50 kai enas 386/25 mporei
na paizei me ta bias grhgorotera apo 22 kHz (me karta hxoy 8 bit opws
mia SoundBlaster). Mia karta san thn Gravis UltraSound ektelei
perissoteres leitoyrgies sto hardware, kai 8a apaitei ligoterh
ypologistikh isxu.
Gia ta parapanw ypo8etoyme oti o ypologisths den ektelei alles
ypologistika kopiastikes leitoyrgies.
H metatroph arxeiwn hxoy h h pros8hkh effe xrhsimopoiwntas mia
boh8htikh efarmogh opws to sox einai epishs polu pio grhgorh an exete
ma8hmatiko synepejergasth (h CPU me on board FPU). O driver toy pyrhna
apo monos toy den kanei ypologismous kinhths ypodiastolhs.
5.17. Problhmata me ton PAS16 kai ton Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adaptor
(h parakatw ejhghsh do8hke apo to seeker@indirect.com)
To Linux mono anagnwrizei ton 1542 sth dieu8ynsh 330 (default) h 334,
kai o PAS epitrepei thn prosomoiwsh MPU-401 mono sto 330. Akomh ki an
apenergopoihsete to MPU-401 apo to software, kati ejakoloy8ei na kanei
conflict me ton 1542 an exei thn default dieu8ynsh. Allajte th
dieu8ynsh toy 1542 se 334 kai 8a leitoyrgoun ola mia xara
.
Epipleon, kai o 1542 kai o PAS-16 kanoyn 16-bit DMA, gi' ayto an
deimatolhpthsete (sample) sta 16-bit 44 KHz stereo kai apo8hkeusete to
arxeio sto SCSI drive poy kremetai apo ton 1542, 8a exete problhmata.
Ta DMAs epikaluptontai kai den yparxei arketos xronos gia RAM refresh,
etsi 8a parete to dread mhnyma ``PARITY ERROR - SYSTEM HALTED'', xwris
na exete idea ti to prokalese. To 8ema ginetai akoma xeirotero mia
poy merikoi deyterogeneis promh8eytes QIC-117 tape drives synistoun na
8etete toys xronoys on/off toy diauloy (bus) wste o 1542 na menei se
on akoma perissotero apo to kanoniko. Parte to programma SCSISEL.EXE
apo th BBS ths Adaptec h apo kapoy sto internet, kai meiwste to xrono
BUS ON h ayjhste to xrono BUS OFF mexri otoy na ejafanistei to
problhma, meta ayjhste ton kata mia klimaka h kai perissoteres. To
SCSISEL allazei tis ry8miseis ths EEPROM, gi' ayto einai perissotero
monimo ap' oti ena patch sth grammh toy DOS driver sto CONFIG.SYS, kai
8a doylecei an jekinhsete swsta se Linux (anti8eta me to DOS patch).
Teleytaio problhma - ta paliotera Symphony chipsets meiwsan dramatika
to xronismo twn kuklwn I/O , wste na epitaxunoyn toys xronoys
prosbashs sto diaylo. Kanena apo ta diafora boards me ta opoia exw
paijei den eixe problhma me to meiwmeno xronismo ektos apo to PAS-16.
H Media Vision's BBS dinei to SYMPFIX.EXE to opoio ypoti8etai oti
dior8wnei to problhma antistrefontas ena bit poy xrhsimopoieitai gia
diagnwstikous logoys ston elegkth diauloy toy Symphony, alla den einai
kai sigoyrh egguhsh. Mporei na xreiastei na :
· zhthsete apo ton promh8eyth ths mhtrikhs na antikatasthsei thn
palioterh ekdosh toy tsip toy diauloy,
· antikatasthste th mhtrikh, h
· agorasete mia diaforetikhs markas karta hxoy.
H Young Microsystems 8a anaba8misei ta boards poy eisagei gia peripoy
$30 (US). ¢lloi promh8eytes mporei na kanoyn paromoiws an mporoun na
entopisoyn poios kataskeuase h eishgage tis mhtrikes (kalh tuxh). Ap'
oti gnwrizw to problhma einai sto ProAudio's bus interface chip.
Kaneis den agorazei mia karta hxoy $120 kai thn kollaei se ena 6MHz
AT. Oi perissoteroi paizoyn me 25-40MHz 386/486, kai 8a prepei logika
na mporoun na antimetwpisoyn taxuthtes diauloy twn 12MHz an ta
tsipakia einai sxediasmena swsta.
To prwto problhma ejartatai apo to chipset poy xrhsimopoiei to
motherboard sas, thn taxuthta diauloy kai alles ry8miseis toy BIOS,
kai thn fash toy feggariou. To deutero problhma ejartatai apo thn
timh ths epiloghs refresh (hidden h synchronous), to ry8mo toy 1542
DMA kai (pi8anws) to ry8mo toy diauloy I/O. To trito mporei na
ka8oristei epikoinwnwntas me thn Media Vision kai rwtwntas poia ekdosh
toy tsip Symphony den einai symbato me ton argh ylopoihsh toys. Sas
proeidopoiw, parolayta- 3 h 4 texnikoi me toys opoioys milhsa eixan
egkefalikes blabes. 8a hmoyn filupoptos sxetika me o,tidhpote poyn
gia kapoioy alloy to hardware, mia poy den jeroyn kala oute kan to
diko toys.
5.18. Einai dynato na diabazw kai na grafw deigmata (samples) tay
toxrona;
Logw periorismwn hardware, ayto den einai dynato me tis perissoteres
kartes hxoy. Merikes neoteres kartes to yposthrizoyn. Deite to tmhma
"bidirectional mode" sto Hacker's Guide to Voxware gia perissoteres
plhrofories.
5.19. H SB16 moy exei IRQ 2, alla to configure den epitrepei ayth thn
timh
Stis mhxanes '286 kai argotera, to interrupt IRQ 2 dinetai ston
deutero interrupt controller. Isodynamei me to IRQ 9.
5.20. Yposthrizetai h "SoundBlaster AWE32" h h "SoundBlaster16 ASP";
Paliotera, h Creative Labs den htan pro8ymh na dhmosiopoihsei
plhrofories gi' aytes tis kartes. Shmera exoyn allajei politikh kai o
AWE driver perilambanetai stoys Linux pyrhnes 2.1.x.
5.21. An trejw Linux kai meta jekinhsw me DOS, pairnw la8h kai/h oi
efarmoges hxoy poy exw den doyleuoyn swsta
Ayto symbainei meta apo ena soft reboot sto DOS. Merikes fores to
mhnyma la8oys paraplanhtika anaferetai se kako, lan8asmeno arxeio
CONFIG.SYS.
Oi perissoteres sugxrones kartes hxoy exoyn programmatizomenes apo
software ry8miseis IRQ kai DMA. An xrhsimopoieite diaforetikes
ry8miseis metaju Linux kai MS-DOS/Windows, mporei na sas dhmioyrghsei
problhmata. Merikes kartes hxoy de dexontai nees parametroys xwris
plhrh epanekkinhsh (p.x. kleiste to reuma h xrhsimopoihste to koympi
hardware reset).
Mia grhgorh lush se ayto to problhma einai na kanete mia plhrh
epanekkinhsh xrhsimopoiwntas to koympi reset h to diakopth reumatos
anti mia malakh epanekkinhsh (p.x. Ctrl-Alt-Del).
H swsth lush einai na bebaiw8eite oti xrhsimopoieite tis idies
ry8miseis IRQ kai DMA kai sto MS-DOS kai sto Linux (h mh
xrhsimopoihsete DOS :-).
5.22. Problhmata me to DOOM katw apo Linux
Oi xrhstes ths metaforas toy paixnidiou DOOM ths ID gia Linux mporei
na endiaferontai gia tis parakatw shmeiwseis.
Gia swsth ejodo hxoy xreiazeste to driver hxoy me ekdosh 2.90 h
neoterh. Yposthrizei real-time "DOOM mode".
Ta deigmata hxoy einai 16-bit. An exete 8-bit karta hxoy mporeite na
thn kanete na paijei xrhsimopoiwntas ta diafora programmata poy einai
dia8esima sto <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom>.
An h apodosh sto DOOM einai mikrh sto susthma sas, h apenergopoihsh
toy hxoy (allazontas to onoma toy arxeioy sndserver) mporei na ferei
beltiwsh.
Apo default to DOOM den yposthrizei hxo (opws sthn ekdosh gia DOS). To
programma musserver 8a pros8esei yposthrijh gia hxo sto DOOM katw apo
Linux. 8a to breite sto
url="ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz">.
5.23. Pws mporw na meiwsw to 8orybo poy kanei h karta hxoy moy;
Xrhsimopoiwntas kalhs poiothtas monwmena kalwdia kai dokimazontas thn
karta hxoy se diaforetika slots mporei na sas boh8hsei sth meiwsh toy
8oruboy. An h karta hxoy exei ry8misth entashs hxoy, mporeite na
dokimasete diaforetikes ry8miseis (to megisto einai mallon to
kalutero).
Xrhsimopoiwntas ena programma mijhs mporeite na sigoyreyteite oti oi
anepi8umhtes eisodoi (p.x. mikrofwno) exoyn mhdenikh enisxysh.
Merikes kartes hxoy apla den exoyn kataskeyastei me kalh monwsh kai
geiwsh kai einai epirrepeis se 8oruboys.
Telos, brhka oti sto susthma moy h kernel command line option no-hlt
elattwnei to 8orybo. Ayth h entolh leei ston pyrhna na mh
xrhsimopoihsei thn entolh halt otan trexei to idle process loop.
Mporeite na to dokimasete xeirokinhta otan jekinate to susthma, h na
to 8esete xrhsimopoiwntas thn entolh append="no-hlt" sto arxeio LILO
configuration.
5.24. Mporw na paijw hxoys, alla oxi na hxografhsw
An mporeite na paijete hxo alla oxi na hxografhsete, dokimaste ta
akoloy8a bhmata:
· xrhsimopoihste ena programma mikth gia na dialejete thn katallhlh
syskeyh (p.x. mikrofwno)
· xrhsimopoihste to mikth gia na 8esete thn eyais8hsia ths eisodoy
sto megisto
· An mporeite, prospa8hste na elegjete an hxografei h karta hxoy sto
MS-DOS gia na diapistwsete an to problhma einai mhxaniko. Merikes
fores xrhsimopoioume diaforetiko DMA kanali gia hxografhsh hxoy ap'
oti gia anaparagwgh. Se ayth thn periptwsh, o pio pi8anos logos
einai oti to DMA ths eggrafhs den exei te8ei swsta.
5.25. H "symbath" karta hxoy moy doyleuei mono an thn arxikopoihsw
prwta sto MS-DOS.
Stis perissoteres periptwseis mia karta "symbath me SoundBlaster" 8a
leitoyrgei kalutera katw apo Linux an ry8mistei me ena diaforetiko
driver apo ths SoundBlaster. Oi perissoteres kartes hxoy isxyrizontai
oti einai symbates (p.x. "16 bit SB Pro compatible" h "SB compatible
16 bit") alla synh8ws to SoundBlaster mode einai apla ena "hack" poy
dinetai gia symbatothta me DOS paixnidia. Oi perissoteres kartes exoyn
16 bit native mode to opoio yposthrizetai pi8ana apo prosfaths ekdoshs
pyrhnes Linux (2.0.1 kai meta).
Mono me merikes kartes (synh8ws palies) einai aparaithto na dokimasete
na doylecoyn se SoundBlaster mode. Oi mones nees kartes poy apoteloun
ejairesh se ayton ton kanona einai oi basizomenes se tsip Mwave.
5.26. H karta hxoy moy, h opoia einai symbath me thn 16-bit Sound
Blaster, doyleuei mono se 8-bit mode katw apo Linux.
Oi 16-bit kartes hxoy poy perigrafontai sa symbates me SoundBlaster
einai pragmatika symbates mono me thn 8-bit SoundBlaster Pro. Exoyn
typika ena 16-bit mode poy den einai symbato me thn SoundBlaster 16
kai ton driver hxoy toy Linux.
Mporei na kanete thn karta na doylecei se 16-bit mode xrhsimopoiwntas
to driver gia MAD16 h MSS/WSS.
5.27. Pou mporw na brw efarmoges hxoy gia Linux ;
Edw 8a breite merika kala sites gia na cajete efarmoges gia Linux
eidika gia hxo:
· <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/>
· <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/sound/>
· <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/sound/>
· <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/Linux/util/sound/>
· <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/>
· <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>
5.28. Mporw na kanw compile to driver ths kartas hxoy wste na
fortwnetai sa module;
Me toys prosfatoys pyrhnes o driver hxoy yposthrizetai san kernel
loadable module.
Diabaste ta arxeia /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.modules kai
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/modules.txt (h /usr/src/linux/README) gia
perissoteres leptomereies.
5.29. Mporw na xrhsimopoihsw thn karta hxoy gia na antikatasthsw to
mpip ths konsolas toy systhmatos;
Dokimaste to programma oplbeep , 8a to breite sto
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-alpha.tar.gz>
¢llh epilogh einai to programma beep, 8a to breite sto
url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz">
To paketo modutils exei ena programma - paradeigma kai ena patch gia
ton pyrhna poy yposthrizei thn klhsh enos tyxaioy ejwterikou
programmatos gia thn paragwgh hxwn an zhth8ei apo ton pyrhna.
Enallaktika, me merikes kartes hxoy mporeite na syndesete thn ejodo
twn hxeiwn toy ypologisth sthn karta hxoy etsi wste oloi oi hxoi na
erxontai apo ta hxeia ths karta hxoy.
5.30. Ti einai to VoxWare
;
Oi drivers hxoy toy pyrhna yposthrizoyn arketa diaforetika leitoyrgika
systhmata Unix basismena se Intel, kai mporeite na ta apokthsete san
ena paketo diaforetiko apo ton pyrhna toy Linux. Mexri to Febroyario
1996 o syggrafeas eixe apokalesei to logismiko "VoxWare". Dystyxws
ayto to onoma exei hdh xrhsimopoih8ei apo th VoxWare Incorporated, kai
prepei na yparjei allh onomasia. To neo onoma toy driver einai
OSS/Free.
O Open Sound System (OSS) einai enas emporika dia8esimos driver hxoy
gia ton pyrhna diaforwn systhmatwn Unix, kai pwleitai apo thn 4Front
Technologies. H dwrean ekdosh, gnwsth ws OSS/Free 8a synexisei na
diati8etai dwrean gia systhmata Linux.
¢lla onomata poy mporei na synanthsete kai exoyn xrhsimopoih8ei sto
parel8on gia na anafer8oun ston idio driver hxoy einai to TASD
(Temporarily Anonymous Sound Driver) kai USS (Unix Sound System).
Gia perissoteres plhrofories deite th Web selida ths 4Front
Technologies sto <http://www.4front-tech.com/>. Exw gracei ena review
toy OSS/Linux sto teuxos Ioynioy 1997 toy Linux Journal.
5.31. Yposthrizontai Plug and Play kartes hxoy;
Plhrhs yposthrijh gia Plug and Play prepei na yparxei sthn Linux
ekdosh 2.1. Sto metaju, yparxei plh8wra parakamcewn, texnasmatwn gia
na kanete na doylecoyn oi kartes hxoy Plug and Play. An exete ena neo
Pentium susthma me Plug and Play BIOS, 8a prepei na analabei mono toy
na ry8misei thn karta. Bebaiw8eite oti exete ry8misei ton Linux driver
hxoy etsi wste na xrhsimopoiei thn idia I/O dieu8ynsh, tis parametroys
IRQ, kai toy kanaliou DMA opws kai to BIOS.
Yparxei ena paketo me ergaleia Plug and Play gia Linux ta opoia mporei
na xrhsimeusoyn sthn egkatastash ths kartas. Mporeite na to breite sto
Web site ths Red Hat sto <http://www.redhat.com/> (mporei epishs na
symperilambanetai sth dianomh Linux poy exete).
An xrhsimopoieite thn karta se Windows95, mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete
to device manager gia na egkatasthsete thn karta, meta epanekkinhste
me soft boot se Linux xrhsimopoiwntas to programma LOADLIN.
Sigoyreyteite oti ta Windows95 kai to Linux xrhsimopoioun tis idies
parametroys egkatastashs.
An xrhsimopoieite thn karta se DOS, mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete to icu
utility poy erxetai me tis kartes SoundBlaster16 PnP wste na th
ry8misete se DOS, meta epanekkinhste me soft boot se Linux
xrhsimopoiwntas to programma LOADLIN. Pali, sigoyreyteite oti to DOS
kai to Linux xrhsimopoioun tis idies parametroys egkatastashs.
O emporikos OSS driver hxoy yposthrizei thn karta hxoy SoundBlaster16
PnP. Mporeite na agorasete ton driver apo thn 4Front Technologies.
5.32. To Sox/Play/Vplay bgazei mhnyma "invalid block size 1024"
Mia allagh ston driver hxoy sthn ekdosh 1.3.67 kremaei merika
programmata ekteleshs hxwn poy (lan8asmena) elegjan pws to apotelesma
ths SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE ioctl htan megalutero apo 4096. Ta
programmata ayta poy perilambanontai sto prosfato paketo snd-
util-3.x.tar.gz (sto <ftp://ftp.4front-tech.com/ossfree>.) twra pia
to antimetwpizoyn swsta. H pio prosfath ekdosh driver hxoy exei
epishs dior8w8ei wste na apofeugei na ekxwrei kommatia mikrotera apo
4096 bytes pragma poy lunei to problhma me tis palies ekdoseis aytwn
twn programmatwn.
5.33. Giati o driver hxoy exei to diko toy programma gia setarisma;>
Etsi. O driver hxoy yposthrizei polles diaforetikes parametroys
ru8mishs. To programma configure poy perilambanetai me ton driver
hxoy elegxei gia polles ejarthseis (dependencies) metaju parametrwn.
Ta ergaleia poy xrhsimopoiountai gia th ru8mish toy pyrhna den
yposthrizoyn ayto to epipedo leitoyrgias.
Telika: oi prosfatoi pyrhnes pragmati epitrepoyn kat' epilogh na
xrhsimopoiountai ta klassika ergaleia ru8mishs toy pyrhna me ton
driver hxoy (deite to prohgoumeno tmhma sto "Setarisma toy pyrhna".
5.34. Oi ry8miseis toy mixer arxikopoiountai ka8e fora poy fortwnw to
module toy driver hxoy
Mporeite na fortwsete ton driver hxoy sa loadable module kai na
xrhsimopoihsete ton kerneld gia na to fortwnete kai na to jefortwnete
aytomata. Ayto mporei na paroysiasei ena problhma - ka8e fora poy
fortwnetai to module, oi ry8miseis toy mixer epistrefoyn stis default
times toys. Gia merikes kartes hxoy ayto mporei na einai polu
dynata(p.x. SoundBlaster16) h polu siga. O Markus Gutschke
((gutschk@uni-muenster.de) brhke ayth th lush. Xrhsimopoihste mia
grammh sto arxeio /etc/conf.modules opws h parakatw:
options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vol 75
Ayto prokalei thn ektelesh toy programmatos mijhs (se ayth thn
periptwsh to setmixer) amesws meta to fortwma toy driver hxoy. H
parametros dma_buffsize einai apla mia eikonikh (dummy) timh poy
xreiazetai epeidh h entolh option apaitei mia timh sth grammh entolhs.
Allajte th grammh opws apaitei to programma mixer kai oi times
enisxyshs/eyais8hsias.
An exete kanei compile ton driver hxoy ston pyrhna kai 8elete na
8esete tis times toy mixer kata thn ekkinhsh mporeite na kalesete to
mixer programma se ena arxeio poy ekteleitai kata thn ekkinhsh toy
systhmatos opws to /etc/rc.d/rc.local.
5.35. Mono o xrhsths root mporei na hxografhsei hxo
To script poy dhmioyrgei ta sound device files kai brisketai sto
arxeio Readme.linux, apo default epitrepei sta devices na diabazontai
apo ton root. Ayto symbainei gia na apofeyx8ei mia pi8anh trupa
asfaleias. Se ena diktyako periballon, ejwterikoi xrhstes 8a mporousan
kakoboyla na kanoyn log in apo makria se ena Linux PC me mia karta
hxoy kai mikrofwno kai na kryfakousoyn. An den anhsyxeite gia kati
tetoio, mporeite na allajete ta permissions poy xrhsimopoiountai sto
script.
Me th default egkatastash, oi xrhstes mporoun na paijoyn arxeia hxoy.
Ayto den apotelei kindyno asfaleias alla einai pi8anh phgh anohsiwn.
5.36. Yposthrizetai hxos sto IBM ThinkPad;
8a breite plhrofories gia to pws na xrhsimopoihsete thn karta hxoy
mwave se ena IBM ThinkPad laptop computer katw apo Linux sto
<http://www.screamin.demon.co.uk/>.
6. Parapompes
An exete karta hxoy poy yposthrizei CD-ROM h SCSI interface, to Linux
SCSI HOWTO kai to Linux CD-ROM HOWTO exoyn epipleon plhrofories oi
opoies mporei na sas fanoun xrhsimes.
To Sound Playing HOWTO perigrafei pws na paizete diaforoys tupoys hxoy
kai arxeia moysikhs sto Linux.
To Ultrasound Plug'n'play Mini-HOWTO perigrafei pws na kanete na
doylecei sto Linux mia plug and play karta hxoy Gravis Ultra.
To Linux SoundBlaster 16 PnP Mini-HOWTO perigrafei pws na kanete na
doylecei sto Linux mia plug and play SoundBlaster 16.
To Linux SoundBlaster AWE64 PnP Mini-HOWTO perigrafei pws na kanete na
doylecei sto Linux mia plug and play SoundBlaster AWE64.
Yparxei ena palio keimeno poy legetai the Hacker's Guide to VoxWare,
dia8esimo apo to <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>. Oi
perissoteres plhrofories s' ayto exoyn antikatasta8ei apo ta neotera
keimena sto <http://www.4front-tech.com/pguide>, alla to tmhma
sxetika me to /dev/sequencer mporei na fanei xrhsimo.
Ta akoloy8a FAQs stelnontai taktika sto Usenet newsgroup news.announce
kai kratountai epishs sto
<ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers>:
· PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)
· PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)
· PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)
· audio-fmts/part1 (perigrafh toy Audio file format)
· audio-fmts/part2 (perigrafh toy Audio file format)
Ta FAQs exoyn epishs lista mailing lists kai archive sites gia diafora
sygkekrimena proionta. Ta parakatw Usenet news groups syzhtoun gia
8emata sxetika me hxo kai/h moysikh :
· alt.binaries.sounds.* (diafora groups gia arxeia hxoy)
· alt.binaries.multimedia (gia Multimedia arxeia)
· alt.sb.programmer (8emata gia programmatismo ths Soundblaster)
· comp.multimedia (8emata gia polymesa)
· comp.music (8ewria gia Moysikh H/Y kai ereyna)
· comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (diafora groups xrhstwn gia kartes hxoy
se IBM/PCs)
Ena Web site eidika gia polymesa 8a breite sto
<http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/>. H Creative Labs exei Web site
sto <http://www.creaf.com/>. To Web site ths MediaTrix einai to
<http://www.mediatrix.com/>.
H Linux mailing list exei megalo ari8mo "kanaliwn" afierwmena se
diafora 8emata, kai gia hxo. Gia na breite pws 8a symmetasxete se ena
kanali, steilte mhnyma me th lejh "help" san message body sto
majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu. Aytes oi mailing lists de synistountai gia
erwthseis sxetika me egkatastash se kartes hxoy klp., exoyn san skopo
th syzhthsh sxetika me anaptyjh.
Opws exei hdh anafer8ei arketes fores, o driver hxoy toy pyrhna
perilambanei polla Readme arxeia poy periexoyn xrhsimes plhrofories
sxetika me ton driver hxoy ths kartas. Ayta 8a ta breite sto directory
/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound.
Mporeite na epikoinwnhsete me to syggrafea toy driver hxoy toy pyrhna,
Hannu Savolainen me email hannu@voxware.pp.fi. Exei, epishs, Web site
sto <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware>. To Web site einai h
kaluterh phgh gia na breite thn pio prosfath katastash yposthrizomenwn
kartwn hxoy, gnwsta problhmata, kai dior8wseis bugs.
Plhrofories gia to OSS, ton emporiko driver hxoy gia Linux kai alla
leitoyrgika systhmata symbata me Unix, 8a breite sth Web selida ths
4Front Technologies, sto <http://www.4front-tech.com/>.
To Linux Software Map (LSM) einai anektimhto boh8hma gia thn euresh
logismikou gia Linux. Enas kalos tropos gia na breite efarmoges
sxetika me hardware hxoy einai na cajete to LSM me keywords opws
sound. To LSM 8a to breite se diafora anwnyma FTP sites,
symperilambanomenoy toy <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM/>.
To Linux Documentation Project exei paragei diafora biblia gia Linux,
symperilambanomenoy toy Linux Installation kai Getting Started. Ayta
diati8entai dwrean me anonymous FTP apo megala Linux archive sites h
mporeite na ta agorasete ektypwmena.
Telos, mia jediantroph embolimh dhlwsh: An 8elete na ma8ete polu
perissotera sxetika me ta polymesa sto Linux (eidika gia CD-ROM kai
efarmoges kai programmatismo gia kartes hxoy), diabaste to biblio moy
Linux Multimedia Guide, ISBN 1-56592-219-0, poy exei ekdo8ei apo toys
O'Reilly and Associates. Opws kai h gnhsia agglikh ekdosh, exei
typw8ei h gallikh kai giapwnezikh metafrash. Gia perissoteres
leptomereies, kaleste to 800-998-9938 sth Notia Amerikh h deite th Web
selida <http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html> h th
dikh moy selida <http://www.pobox.com/~tranter>.