Ellhniko RPM HOWTO
Donnie Barnes, djb@redhat.com
8 Aprilioy 1997, ekdosh v2.07
____________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Eisagwgh
2. Episkophsh
3. Genikes Plhrofories
3.1 Apoktwntas to RPM
3.2 Apaithseis toy RPM
4. Xrhsimopoiwntas to RPM
5. Kai ti mporw na kanw
6. Xtizontas RPMs
6.1 To arxeio rpmrc
6.2 To arxeio prodiagrafwn (Spec File)
6.3 H epikefalida
6.4 Prep
6.5 Xtisimo (Build)
6.6 Egkatastash
6.7 Proairetika skriptakia prin kai meta thn Egkatastash/Apegkatastash
6.8 Arxeia
6.9 Xtizontas to
6.9.1 O dendroeidhs katalogos toy phgaioy kwdika
6.9.2 Elegxos sto xtisimo
6.9.3 Dhmioyrgwntas th lista arxeiwn
6.9.4 Xtizontas to Paketo me RPM
6.10 Elegjte to
6.11 Ti na kanete me ta nea sas RPMs
6.12 Kai twra;
7. Xtizontas RPM gia polles arxitektonikes
7.1 Ena aplo arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec File)
7.2 Optflags
7.3 Macros
7.4 Afairwntas arxitektonikes apo Paketa
7.5 Teleiwnontas
8. Pneymatika Dikaiwmata
9. Peri ths Ellhnikhs Metafrashs
______________________________________________________________________
1. Eisagwgh
To RPM einai einai akrwnumio toy Red Hat Package Manager. Parolo poy
periexei to Red Hat sto onoma toy, h pro8esh einai na apotelesei ena
anoikto susthma paketarismatos, dia8esimo pros xrhsh apo ka8enan.
Epitrepei stoys xrhstes na pairnoyn ton phgaio kwdika enos neoy
logismikou kai na ton paketaroyn se phgaia kai ektelesimh morfh, wste
na mporoun na egka8istantai kai na parakoloy8ountai eukola ta
ektelesima paketa, kai o phgaios kwdikas na mporei na xtizetai me aplo
tropo.
Diathrei epishs mia bash dedomenwn olwn twn paketwn kai twn arxeiwn
toys, poy mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei gia thn epalh8eysh ths uparjhs kai
akeraiothtas twn paketwn ka8ws kai gia thn apanthsh se erwthseis
sxetika me arxeia h paketa.
H etaireia Red Hat Software en8arrunei alloys promh8eytes dianomwn na
dia8esoyn xrono sto na katanohsoyn to RPM kai na to xrhsimopoihsoyn
gia tis dikes toys dianomes. To RPM einai polu eyelikto kai euxrhsto,
parolo poy parexei thn bash gia ena polu eyru susthma. Einai epishs
teleiws anoikto kai plhrws dia8esimo, kai 8a ektimousame opoiesdhpote
anafores sfalmatwn kai dior8wseis. Ekxwreitai h adeia dwrean xrhshs
kai dianomhs toy RPM katw apo toys oroys ths GPL.
Mia plhresterh tekmhriwsh gia to RPM einai dia8esimh sto biblio toy Ed
Bailey, Maximum RPM. To biblio einai dia8esimo gia na to katebasete h
na to agorasete sth dieu8ynsh www.redhat.com <http://www.redhat.com>.
2. Episkophsh
Prwta ap'ola, epitrecte moy na perigracw ta basika ths filosofias poy
krubetai pisw apo to RPM. Enas sxediastikos stoxos htan na epitrecei
thn xrhsh ``prwtarxikou (basikou)'' kwdika. Me to RPP (o prohgoumenos
mas diaxeirisths paketwn, apo ton opoion de xrhsimopoih8hke tipota sth
dhmioyrgia toy RPM), ta paketa phgaioy kwdika htan ``peiragmenoi''
arxikoi phgaioi kwdikes poy meta xtisame. 8ewrhtika, kapoios 8a
mporouse na egkatasthsei ena phgaio RPP kai meta na kaneimake xwris
problhmata. Alla o phgaios kwdikas den htan o arxikos prwtotypos, kai
den yphrxe kamia anafora sto poies allages xreiasthke na kanoyme gia
na ta kataferoyme na xtizetai epityxws. 8a eprepe na katebasete ton
arxiko prwtotypo kwdika jexwrista. Me to ROM, exete ton arxiko kwdika
mazi me ena mpalwma (patch) to opoio xrhsimopoihsame gia na kanoyme th
metaglwttish. Ayto to 8ewroume san ena megalo pleonekthma. Giati; Gia
pollous logoys. Prwta - prwta, an bgei mia nea ekdosh kapoioy
programmatos, de xreiazetai na arxisete anagkastika apo thn arxh gia
na to metaglwttisete sto RHL. Mporeite na koitajete sto mpalwma
(patch) gia to ti isws xreiastei na kanete. Me ayton ton tropo, oles
oi proka8orismenes ry8miseis ths metaglwttishs einai eukola
katanohtes.
To RPM sxediasthke gia na prosferei isxyres dynatothtes erwthshs.
Mporeite na cajete mesa se oloklhrh th bash sas gia paketa h gia
oloklhra arxeia. Mporeite epishs na breite eukola se poio paketo
anhkei ena sygkekrimeno arxeio kai apo poio prohl8e. Ta idia ta RPM
arxeia einai sympiesmena arxeia, alla mporeite na kanete eukola kai
suntoma mia erwthsh se jexwrista paketa xarh se mia epikefalida
dyadikhs morfhs, poy exei proste8ei sto paketo kai periexei otidhpote
xreiazetai na gnwrizete. Ayto syntelei se grhgorh erwthsh.
Allo ena isxyro xarakthristiko einai h ikanothta na epalh8eusete
paketa. An anhsyxeite oti sbhsate ena shmantiko arxeio gia kapoio
paketo, apla epalh8euste to. 8a enhmerw8eite gia tyxon anwmalies. Se
ayth thn periptwsh, mporeite na epanegkatasthsete to paketo an einai
aparaithto. O,ti arxeia ry8misewn eixate 8a parameinoyn akeraia.
8a 8elame na eyxaristhsoyme ta paidia ths dianomhs BOGUS mia kai
polles apo tis idees toys xrhsimopoih8hkan sto RPM. An kai to RPM
grafthke apokleistika apo th Red Hat Software, h leitoyrgia toy einai
basismenh ston kwdika poy grafthke gia th dianomh BOGUS (PM kai PMS).
3. Genikes Plhrofories
3.1. Apoktwntas to RPM
O kaluteros tropos na apokthsete to RPM einai na sthsete to Red Hat
Linux. An de 8elete na to kanete ayto, mporeite kai pali na parete
kai na xrhsimopoihsete to RPM. 8a to breite sto ftp.redhat.com
<ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/code/rpm>.
3.2. Apaithseis toy RPM
H kuria apaithsh gia na trejete to RPM einai na exete to cpio 2.4.2 h
megalutero. An kai to susthma proorizetai gia xrhsh me Linux, mporei
na metafer8ei kai se alla systhmata Unix. Sygkekrimena, exei
metaglwttistei gia SunOS, Solaris, AIX, Irix, AmigaOS kai alla. Sas
proeidopoioume oti ta dyadika-ektelesima paketa poy dhmioyrgeite se
ena susthma Unix de 8a einai symbata se allo susthma.
Aytes einai oi elaxistes apaithseis gia na egkatasthsete RPMs. Gia na
xtisete RPMs apo ton kwdika, xreiazeste oti 8a 8elate kanonika gia na
xtisete ena paketo, opws ta gcc, make, klp.
4. Xrhsimopoiwntas to RPM
Sthn aplousterh morfh toy, to RPM xrhsimopoieitai gia na egkatasthste
paketa:
rpm -i foobar-1.0-1.i386.rpm
H epomenh aploustath entolh apegka8ista ena paketo:
rpm -e foobar
Mia apo tis pio sun8etes alla kai polu xrhsimes entoles sas epitrepei
na egkatasthsete paketa mesw FTP. An eiste syndedemenoi sto diktyo kai
8elete na egkatasthsete ena neo paketo, to mono poy xreiazetai einai
na prosdiorisete to arxeio dinontas to katallhlo URL, opws :
rpm -i ftp://ftp.pht.com/pub/linux/redhat/rh-2.0-beta/RPMS/foobar-1.0-1.i386.rpm
Parakalw shmeiwste oti to RPM 8a kanei thn erwthsh kai/h 8a
egkatasthsei to paketo mesw FTP.
Enw aytes einai aples entoles, to rpm mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei me
pollous tropoys opws 8a deite apo to munhma Usage :
RPM version 2.3.9
Copyright (C) 1997 - Red Hat Software
This may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public License
usage: rpm {--help}
rpm {--version}
rpm {--initdb} [--dbpath <dir>]
rpm {--install -i} [-v] [--hash -h] [--percent] [--force] [--test]
[--replacepkgs] [--replacefiles] [--root <dir>]
[--excludedocs] [--includedocs] [--noscripts]
[--rcfile <file>] [--ignorearch] [--dbpath <dir>]
[--prefix <dir>] [--ignoreos] [--nodeps]
[--ftpproxy <host>] [--ftpport <port>]
file1.rpm ... fileN.rpm
rpm {--upgrade -U} [-v] [--hash -h] [--percent] [--force] [--test]
[--oldpackage] [--root <dir>] [--noscripts]
[--excludedocs] [--includedocs] [--rcfile <file>]
[--ignorearch] [--dbpath <dir>] [--prefix <dir>]
[--ftpproxy <host>] [--ftpport <port>]
[--ignoreos] [--nodeps] file1.rpm ... fileN.rpm
rpm {--query -q} [-afpg] [-i] [-l] [-s] [-d] [-c] [-v] [-R]
[--scripts] [--root <dir>] [--rcfile <file>]
[--whatprovides] [--whatrequires] [--requires]
[--ftpuseport] [--ftpproxy <host>] [--ftpport <port>]
[--provides] [--dump] [--dbpath <dir>] [targets]
rpm {--verify -V -y} [-afpg] [--root <dir>] [--rcfile <file>]
[--dbpath <dir>] [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
[--nomd5] [targets]
rpm {--setperms} [-afpg] [target]
rpm {--setugids} [-afpg] [target]
rpm {--erase -e} [--root <dir>] [--noscripts] [--rcfile <file>]
[--dbpath <dir>] [--nodeps] [--allmatches]
package1 ... packageN
rpm {-b|t}[plciba] [-v] [--short-circuit] [--clean] [--rcfile <file>]
[--sign] [--test] [--timecheck <s>] specfile
rpm {--rebuild} [--rcfile <file>] [-v] source1.rpm ... sourceN.rpm
rpm {--recompile} [--rcfile <file>] [-v] source1.rpm ... sourceN.rpm
rpm {--resign} [--rcfile <file>] package1 package2 ... packageN
rpm {--addsign} [--rcfile <file>] package1 package2 ... packageN
rpm {--checksig -K} [--nopgp] [--nomd5] [--rcfile <file>]
package1 ... packageN
rpm {--rebuilddb} [--rcfile <file>] [--dbpath <dir>]
rpm {--querytags}
Mporeite na breite perissoteres leptomereies gia tis epiloges toy RPM
sth selida boh8eias (man page).
5. Kai ti mporw na kanw pragmatika me to RPM;
To RPM einai polu xrhsimo ergaleio, kai opws 8a deite, exei polles
epiloges. O kaluteros tropos gia na bgalete mia akrh me aytes einai
na deite merika paradeigmata. Deijame parapanw thn epilogh
egkatastashs/apegkatastashs kai twra akoloy8oun merika akomh
paradeigmata :
· As poume oti diagracate merika arxeia kata la8os, alla den eiste
sigoyroi gia to poia sbhsate. An 8elete na epalh8eusete to susthma
sas kai na deite ti leipei, 8a gracete :
rpm -Va
· As poume oti synantate kapoio arxeio poy den anagnwrizete. Gia na
breite se poio paketo anhkei, 8a gracete :
rpm -qf /usr/X11R6/bin/xjewel
To apotelesma 8a einai:
xjewel-1.6-1
· Briskete ena neo RPM me to onoma koules, alla den jerete ti einai
ayto. Gia na deite kapoies plhrofories sxetika me to paketo, 8a
gracete :
rpm -qpi koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm
To apotelesma 8a einai:
Name : koules Distribution: Red Hat Linux Colgate
Version : 1.2 Vendor: Red Hat Software
Release : 2 Build Date: Mon Sep 02 11:59:12 1996
Install date: (none) Build Host: porky.redhat.com
Group : Games Source RPM: koules-1.2-2.src.rpm
Size : 614939
Summary : SVGAlib action game with multiplayer, network, and sound support
Description :
This arcade-style game is novel in conception and excellent in execution.
No shooting, no blood, no guts, no gore. The play is simple, but you
still must develop skill to play. This version uses SVGAlib to
run on a graphics console.
· Twra 8elete na deite poia arxeia egka8ista to RPM koules. 8a
gracete:
rpm -qpl koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm
To apotelesma einai:
/usr/doc/koules
/usr/doc/koules/ANNOUNCE
/usr/doc/koules/BUGS
/usr/doc/koules/COMPILE.OS2
/usr/doc/koules/COPYING
/usr/doc/koules/Card
/usr/doc/koules/ChangeLog
/usr/doc/koules/INSTALLATION
/usr/doc/koules/Icon.xpm
/usr/doc/koules/Icon2.xpm
/usr/doc/koules/Koules.FAQ
/usr/doc/koules/Koules.xpm
/usr/doc/koules/README
/usr/doc/koules/TODO
/usr/games/koules
/usr/games/koules.svga
/usr/games/koules.tcl
/usr/man/man6/koules.svga.6
Ayta htan merika paradeigmata. Mporeite na epinohsete pio dhmioyrgikes
xrhseis toy RPM otan ejoikeiw8eite me ayto.
6. Xtizontas RPMs
Einai arketa eukolo na xtisete RPMs, eidikotera an mporeite na
kataferete na xtisete apo mono toy to logismiko poy sas endiaferei na
paketarete.
H basikh diadikasia gia na xtisete ena RPM einai h akoloy8h:
· Elegjte oti to /etc/rpmrc exei egkatasta8ei sto susthma sas.
· Kante ton phgaio kwdika gia ton opoio 8a xtiste to RPM na pernaei
apo metaglwttish sto susthma sas.
· Ftiajte ena mpalwma (patch) gia ka8e allagh poy xreiasthkate na
kanete wste na metaglwttistei swsta
· Ftiajte ena arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec file) gia to paketo.
· Bebaiw8eite pws ola einai einai sth swsth toys 8esh.
· Xtiste to paketo xrhsimopoiwntas to RPM.
Ypo fysiologikes syn8hkes, to RPM dhmioyrgei toso to paketo toy
ektelesimoy oso kai toy phgaioy kwdika.
6.1. To arxeio rpmrc
Gia thn wra, h monh ru8mish toy RPM diati8etai mesw toy arxeioy
/etc/rpmrc. Akoloy8ei ena paradeigma:
require_vendor: 1
distribution: I roll my own!
require_distribution: 1
topdir: /usr/src/me
vendor: Mickiesoft
packager: Mickeysoft Packaging Account <packages@mickiesoft.com>
optflags: i386 -O2 -m486 -fno-strength-reduce
optflags: alpha -O2
optflags: sparc -O2
signature: pgp
pgp_name: Mickeysoft Packaging Account
pgp_path: /home/packages/.pgp
tmppath: /usr/tmp
H grammh require_vendor kanei to RPM na zhta na brei mia grammh pwlhth
(vendor). Ayth mporei na proel8ei apo to arxeio /etc/rpmrc h apo thn
epikefalida toy idioy toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn (spec file). Gia na to
apenergopoihsete, allajte ton ari8mo se 0. To idio isxuei gia tis
grammes require_distribution kai require_group.
H epomenh grammh einai sxetikh me th dianomh distribution. Mporeite na
th dhlwsete edw h argotera sthn epikefalida toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn
(spec file). Otan xtizete to paketo gia kapoia sygkekrimenh dianomh,
einai kalh idea na bebaiw8eite oti ayth h grammh einai swsth, akomh ki
an den apaiteitai. H grammh vendor doyleuei antistoixa, alla mporei
na grafei otidhpote (p.x. Joe's Software and Rock Music Emporium).
To RPM exei yposthrijh gia na xtisete paketa se pollaples
arxitektonikes. To arxeio rpmrc mporei na krata mia metablhth
``optflags'' gia na xtisete pragmata poy apaitoun sygkekrimena flags
analoga me thn arxitektonikh kata to xtisimo toys. Deite ta parakatw
tmhmata gia to pws na xrhsimopoihsete ayth th metablhth.
Yparxoyn kai alla polla epipleon macros poy mporeite na
xrhsimopoihsete gia na deite ta tags kai ta dia8esima flags.
rpm --showrc
6.2. To arxeio prodiagrafwn (Spec File)
8a jekinhsoyme me syzhthsh gia to arxeio prodiagrafwn. Ta arxeia
prodiagrafwn apaitountai gia na xtisete ena paketo. To arxeio
prodiagrafwn einai mia perigrafh toy logismikou mazi me entoles kai
odhgies gia to pws 8a sth8oun kai mia lista gia ola ta ektelesima poy
egkatasta8hkan.
Kalo einai na onomasete to arxeio prodiagrafwn sumfwna me typikes
symbaseis. 8a prepei na einai to paketo onoma-paula-ari8mos ekdoshs
(version number)-paula- ari8mos seiras (release number)-teleia-spec.
Akoloy8ei ena mikro paradeigma arxeioy prodiagrafwn (vim-3.0-1.spec):
Summary: ejects ejectable media and controls auto ejection
Name: eject
Version: 1.4
Release: 3
Copyright: GPL
Group: Utilities/System
Source: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/eject-1.4.tar.gz
Patch: eject-1.4-make.patch
Patch1: eject-1.4-jaz.patch
%description
Ayto to programma epitrepei sto xrhsth na bgazei (eject) ta mesa poy yposthrizoyn aytomath ejagwgh opws CD-ROMs,Jaz kai Zip drives, kai odhgous disketas se mhxanes SPARC.
%prep
%setup
%patch -p1
%patch1 -p1
%build
make RPM_OPT_FLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS"
%install
install -s -m 755 -o 0 -g 0 eject /usr/bin/eject
install -m 644 -o 0 -g 0 eject.1 /usr/man/man1
%files
%doc README COPYING ChangeLog
/usr/bin/eject
/usr/man/man1/eject.1
6.3. H epikefalida
H epikefalida exei merika sta8era pedia poy prepei na symplhrw8oun.
Dinontai epishs kai merikes ypodeijeis. Ta pedia prepei na
symplhrw8oun opws fainetai parakatw:
· Summary: Einai h perigrafh toy paketoy se mia grammh.
· Name: Einai to onoma toy rpm arxeioy poy skopeuete na
xrhsimopoihsete.
· Version: Einai h ekdosh (version) toy rpm arxeioy poy skopeuete na
xrhsimopoihsete.
· Release: Einai h seira (release) toy paketoy gia thn parapanw
ekdosh (p.x. an ftiajoyme ena paketo kai to broume ligo
problhmatiko kai prepei na to janaftiajoyme, to epomeno paketo 8a
einai seira 2).
· Icon: Einai to onoma toy arxeioy toy eikonidioy poy 8a
xrhsimopoih8ei me alla ergaleia egkatastashs ychlou epipedoy (opws
to ``glint'' ths Red Hat). Prepei na einai gif kai na brisketai
ston katalogo SOURCES.
· Source: Ayth h grammh deixnei sthn topo8esia HOME toy arxikou
arxeioy phgaioy kwdika. Xrhsimopoieitai sthn periptwsh poy 8elete
na parete ton kwdika jana h na elegjete gia newteres ekdoseis.
Shmeiwsh: To onoma arxeioy PREPEI na tairiazei me to onoma toy
arxeioy poy exete sto susthma sas (p.x. mhn katebasete to phgaio
arxeio kai allajete meta to onoma toy). Mporeite epishs na
ka8orisete perissotera toy enos arxeia phgaioy kwdika
xrhsimopoiwntas grammes opws :
Source0: blah-0.tar.gz
Source1: blah-1.tar.gz
Source2: fooblah.tar.gz
Ayta ta arxeia phgainoyn ston katalogo SOURCES . (H domh toy katalogoy
8a syzhth8ei argotera se epomeno tmhma, "O dendroeidhs katalogos toy
phgaioy kwdika").
· Patch: Einai to meros poy 8a breite to mpalwma (patch) an xreiastei
na to katebasete jana. Shmeiwsh: To onoma arxeioy edw prepei na
tairiazei me ayto poy xrhsimopoieite otan ftiaxnete to diko SAS
patch. Mporei epishs na 8elete na shmeiwsete oti mporei na exete
pollapla patch arxeia oso mporei na exete pollapla phgaia arxeia.
8a exete kati san to parakatw:
Patch0: blah-0.patch
Patch1: blah-1.patch
Patch2: fooblah.patch
Ayta ta arxeia 8a pane ston katalogo SOURCES .
· Copyright: Ayth h grammh anaferei gia ta dikaiwmata toy paketoy.
8a prepei na xrhsimopoieite kati san GPL, BSD, MIT, public domain,
distributable, h commercial.
· BuildRoot: Ayth h grammh sas epitrepei na ka8orisete enan katalogo
san ``root'' gia na xtisete kai na egkatasthsete ena paketo.
Mporeite na to xrhsimopoihsete gia na testarete to paketo sas prin
na to egkatasthsete sto mhxanhma sas.
· Group: Ayth h grammh xrhsimopoieitai gia na pei se programmata
egkatastashs ychlou epipedoy (opws to ``glint'' ths RedHat) pou na
balei ayto to programma sth domh ths ierarxias. To dendro toy
gkroyp moiazei ws ejhs :
Applications
Communications
Editors
Emacs
Engineering
Spreadsheets
Databases
Graphics
Networking
Mail
Math
News
Publishing
TeX
Base
Kernel
Utilities
Archiving
Console
File
System
Terminal
Text
Daemons
Documentation
X11
XFree86
Servers
Applications
Graphics
Networking
Games
Strategy
Video
Amusements
Utilities
Libraries
Window Managers
Libraries
Networking
Admin
Daemons
News
Utilities
Development
Debuggers
Libraries
Libc
Languages
Fortran
Tcl
Building
Version Control
Tools
Shells
Games
· %description Den einai pragmatika ena tmhma ths epikefalidas, alla
8a prepei na perigrafei me to ypoloipo ths epikefalidas. Xreiazeste
ena tag perigrafhs ana paketo kai/h ypopaketo. Ayto einai ena pedio
pollaplwn-grammwn poy prepei na xrhsimopoih8ei gia na dwsei mia
katanohth perigrafh toy paketoy.
6.4. Prep
Ayto einai to deutero tmhma sto arxeio prodiagrafwn. Xrhsimopoieitai
gia na etoimasete ton kwdika gia xtisimo. Edw prepei na kanete
otidhpote xreiastei gia na kanete patch toys kwdikes kai na toys
egkatasthsete opws prepei gia na gracete make.
Shmeiwste to ejhs: Ka8e ena apo ayta ta tmhmata einai pragmatika
xwros gia na ektelesete skriptakia floiou (shell scripts). Mporeite
apla na ftiajete ena sh script kai na to balete meta to %prep tag gia
na jepaketarete kai na kanete patch ton kwdika sas. Parolayta, exoyme
ftiajei macros gia na boh8hsoyme s'ayto.
To prwto ap'ayta ta macros einai to %setup macro. Sthn aplousterh toy
morfh (xwris epiloges apo th grammh entolwn), apla jepaketarei ton
kwdika kai mpainei ston katalogo me ton kwdika. Pairnei epishs tis
parakatw epiloges:
· -n name 8etei to onoma toy katalogoy poy 8a xrhsimopoih8ei gia to
xtisimo sto onoma poy akoloy8ei name. To proka8orismeno onoma
einai $ONOMA-$EKDOSH. Alles dynatothtes perilambanoyn to $ONOMA,
${ONOMA}${EKDOSH}, h oti xrhsimopoiei to kurio tar arxeio.
(Shmeiwste parakalw oti oi metablhtes ``$'' den einai pragmatikes
metablhtes poy diati8entai mesa sto arxeio prodiagrafwn.
Xrhsimopoiountai edw anti gia ena onoma-paradeigma. Eseis prepei
na xrhsimopoihsete to pragmatiko onoma kai thn ekdosh sto paketo
sas, oxi mia metablhth).
· -c 8a dhmioyrghsei kai 8a mpei ston onomazomeno katalogo prin na
kanei untar.
· -b # 8a kanei untar ton Kwdika# prin na mpei ston katalogo (kai de
bgazei nohma me thn epilogh -c gi'ayto mhn to kanete). Ayto einai
xrhsimo otan exete pollapla arxeia me kwdika.
· -a # 8a kanei untar ton Kwdika# afou mpei ston katalogo.
· -T Ayth h epilogh agnoei thn proka8orismenh epilogh poy kanei untar
ton Kwdika kai apaitei thn epilogh -b 0 h -a 0 gia na kanete untar
to kurio arxeio kwdika. 8a to xreiasteite ayto otan yparxoyn
deytereuoyses phges.
· -D MH diagrafete ton katalogo prin na jepaketarete. Ayto einai
xrhsimo mono opoy exete perissotera toy enos macro egkatastashs. 8a
prepei na xrhsimopoieitai mono se macros egkatastashs meta to prwto
(alla pote sto prwto).
To epomeno apo ta dia8esima macros einai to %patch macro. Ayto to
macro boh8a sthn aytomatopoihsh ths diadikasias ths efarmoghs
mpalwmatwn (patches) stoys kwdikes. Pairnei polles epiloges, oi opoies
fainontai parakatw:
· # 8a efarmosei to Patch#
· -p # ka8orizei ton ari8mo twn diadoxikwn ypokatalogwn poy 8a
agnohsei h entolh patch(1).
· -P H proka8orismenh energeia einai h efarmogh toy Patch (h Patch0).
Ayth h epilogh klhronomei thn proka8orismenh energeia kai 8a
apaithsei ena 0 gia na kanei untar to kurio arxeio phgaioy kwdika.
Ayth h epilogh einai xrhsimh se ena deutero (h metepeita) %patch
macro to opoio apaitouse ena diaforetiko ari8mo apo to prwto macro.
· Mporeite epishs na gracete %patch# anti gia thn pragmatikh entolh :
%patch # -P
Ayta prepei na einai ola ta macros poy xreiazeste. Afou ta exete ayta
swsta, mporeite na kanete opoiadhpote egkatastash 8elete me sh
skriptakia. Otidhpote symperilabete mexri to %build macro (to opoio
8a syzhth8ei sto epomeno tmhma), ekteleitai mesw sh. Koitajte to
parapanw paradeigma gia toys tupoys twn pragmatwn poy mporei na 8elete
na kanete.
6.5. Xtisimo (Build)
Den yparxoyn alh8eia macros se ayto to tmhma. 8a prepei apla na balete
tis entoles poy 8a xreiastei na xrhsimopoihsete gia na xtisete to
logismiko afou exete jepaketarei ton kwdika, ton exete kanei patch kai
exete mpei ston katalogo. Ayto einai apla ena akomh sunolo entolwn
poy perniountai sto sh, etsi wste oles oi nomimes entoles sh mporoun
na mpoyn edw (symperilambanomenwn twn sxoliwn).
O trexwn katalogos poy doyleuete ginetai reset se ka8e ena apo ayta ta
tmhmata sto pio chlo epipedo toy katalogoy poy periexei ton kwdika ,
na to exete ypoch sas. Mporeite na mpeite stoys ypokatalogoys me cd an
xreiastei.
6.6. Egkatastash
Oute kai edw yparxoyn, pragmatika, macros. 8elete basika na balete oti
entoles xreiazontai gia thn egkatastash. An exete sth dia8esh sas to
make install sto paketo poy xtizete, balte to ekei. An oxi, mporeite
eite na kanete patch to makefile wste na gracete make install kai sth
synexeia na zhthsete na ginei edw to make install , h mporeite na ta
egkatasthsete edw me to xeri xrhsimopoiwntas sh entoles. Mporeite na
8ewrhsete ton trexwn katalogo san to pio chlo epipedo toy katalogoy me
ton kwdika.
6.7. Proairetika skriptakia prin kai meta thn Egkatastash/Apegkatas
tash
Mporeite na pros8esete skriptakia poy na trexoyn prin kai meta thn
egkatastash/ apegkatastash twn ektelesimwn paketwn. O kurios logos
gi'ayto einai na kanete pragmata opws na trejete to ldconfig afou
egkatasthsete h afairesete paketa poy periexoyn diamoirazomenes
biblio8hkes. Ta macros gia ka8e ena apo ta skriptakia einai ta
parakatw:
· %pre einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia prin thn egkatastash.
· %post einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia meta thn egkatastash.
· %preun einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia prin thn
apegkatastash.
· %postun einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia meta thn
apegkatastash.
Ta periexomena aytwn twn tmhmatwn mporei na einai opoioydhpote tupoy
sh script, an kai de xreiazeste to #!/bin/sh.
6.8. Arxeia
Ayto einai to tmhma opoy prepei na dwsete th lista twn arxeiwn gia to
ektelesimo paketo. To RPM den exei tropo na gnwrizei ti ektelesima
egkatasta8hkan san apotelesma toy make install. DEN YPARXEI tropos na
to kanete ayto. Merikoi proteinoyn na ektelesete th find prin kai
meta thn egkatastash toy paketoy. Se ena polyxrhstiko susthma, ayto
einai aparadekto ka8ws einai dynato na dhmioyrgh8oun alla arxeia kata
th diadikasia xtisimatos enos paketoy, ta opoia den exoyn apolutws
kamia sxesh me to idio to paketo.
Yparxoyn merika dia8esima macros poy kanoyn tetoies eidikes
leitoyrgies. Ayta einai ta parakatw :
· %doc xrhsimopoieitai gia na markarei mesa sto paketo phgaioy kwdika
thn tekmhriwsh poy 8elete na egkatasta8ei me mia egkatastash
binary. Ta keimena 8a egkatasta8oun sto
/usr/doc/$NAME-$VERSION-$RELEASE. Mporeite na exete me ayto to
macro lista pollaplwn keimenwn sth grammh entolwn, h na parete th
lista ka8enos jexwrista xrhsimopoiwntas ena macro gia ka8ena
ap'ayta.
· %config xrhsimopoieitai gia na markarei ta arxeia ry8misewn se ena
paketo. Ayto perilambanei arxeia opws ta sendmail.cf, passwd, klp.
An argotera apegkatasthsete ena paketo poy periexei arxeia
ry8misewn, opoia arxeia den allajan 8a sbhstoun kai opoia exoyn
ypostei allages 8a metonomastoun sto palio onoma me katalhjh
.rpmsave sto onoma toy arxeioy. Mporeite, epishs, na parete th
lista pollaplwn arxeiwn me ayto to macro.
· %dir markarei ena mono katalogo se mia lista arxeiwn poy 8a
symperilhf8ei san na anhkei sto paketo. Einai proka8orismeno, oti
an deite th lista enos katalogoy XWRIS kapoio %dir macro, OLA se
ayton ton katalogo symperilambanontai sth lista arxeiwn kai
egka8istwntai san tmhma toy paketoy.
· %files -f <filename> 8a sas epitrecei na emfanisete lista twn
arxeiwn sas se kapoio ay8aireto arxeio mesa ston katalogo toy
phgaioy kwdika opoy ginetai to xtisimo. Ayto einai kalo se
periptwseis opoy exete ena paketo poy mporei na xtisei th dikh toy
lista arxeiwn. Tote apla enswmatwnete edw ayth th lista arxeiwn kai
de xreiazetai na emfanisete eidikh lista arxeiwn.
H megaluterh pagida sth lista arxeiwn einai h emfanish katalogwn. An
emfanisete to /usr/bin kata la8os, to ektelesimo paketo sas 8a
periexei ka8e arxeio sto /usr/bin sto susthma sas.
6.9. Xtizontas to
6.9.1. O dendroeidhs katalogos toy phgaioy kwdika
To prwto poy xreiazeste einai ena kala ry8mismeno dendro gia xtisimo
(build tree). Ayto ry8mizetai xrhsimopoiwntas to arxeio /etc/rpmrc.
Oi perissoteroi 8a xrhsimopoihsoyn apla to /usr/src.
Mporei na xreiastei na dhmioyrghsete toys parakatw katalogoys gia na
ftiajete ena dendro gia xtisimo (build tree):
· BUILD einai o katalogos opoy ginetai to xtisimo apo to RPM. De
xreiazetai na testarete to xtisimo kapoy sygkekrimena, alla edw 8a
kanei to RPM 8a kanei to xtisimo toy.
· SOURCES einai o katalogos opoy 8a prepei na balete ta arxika tar
arxeia phgaioy kwdika kai ta patches. Edw einai poy exei
proka8oristei na cajei to RPM.
· SPECS einai o katalogos opoy prepei na pane ola ta arxeia
prodiagrafwn (spec).
· RPMS einai ekei opoy 8a balei to RPM ola ta ektelesima RPMs meta to
xtisimo.
· SRPMS einai ekei poy 8a mpoyn ola ta RPMs phgaioy kwdika.
6.9.2. Elegxos sto xtisimo
To prwto pragma poy pi8ana na 8elete na kanete einai na parete ton
kwdika kai na xtisete to paketo xwris na xrhsimopoihsete ka8oloy to
RPM. Gia na to kanete ayto, jepaketarete ton phgaio kwdika, kai
allajte to onoma toy katalogoy se $NAME.orig. 3epaketarete ton kwdika
jana. Xrhsimopoihste ton kwdika gia na xtisete to paketo. Phgainete
ston katalogo me ton kwdika kai akoloy8hste tis odhgies gia to
xtisimo. An prepei na allajete pragmata, 8a xreiasteite ena mpalwma
(patch). Molis to xtisete, ka8ariste ton katalogo me ton phgaio
kwdika. Sigoyreyteite oti diagracate ola ta arxeia poy dhmioyrgh8hkan
apo to script configure. Sth synexeia, bgeite apo ton katalogo me ton
phgaio kwdika ston pio panw grafontas cd . Kante kati san to parakatw:
diff -uNr dirname.orig dirname > ../SOURCES/dirname-linux.patch
Ayto 8a sas dhmioyrghsei ena patch to opoio mporeite na xrhsimopoih
sete sto arxeio prodiagrafwn sas (spec file). Shmeiwste oti to
``linux'' poy blepete sto onoma toy patch einai apla anagnwristiko.
Mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete kati pio epejhghmatiko opws ``config'' h
``bugs'' wste na ejhghsete giati xreiasthke na ftiajete ayto to patch.
Einai epishs kalh idea na koitajete to patch arxeio poy ftiaxnete prin
na to xrhsimopoihsete wste na sigoyreyteite oti den symperilambanontai
kata la8os tyxon ektelesima.
6.9.3. Dhmioyrgwntas th lista arxeiwn
Twra poy exete ton kwdika gia to xtisimo toy paketoy kai jerete pws 8a
to kanete, xtiste to kai egkatasthste to. Koitajte thn ejodo ths
diadikasias egkatastashs kai xtiste th lista arxeiwn sas apo ayth poy
8a xrhsimopoihsete sto arxeio prodiagrafwn. Synh8ws, xtizoyme to
arxeio prodiagrafwn parallhla me ola ayta ta bhmata. Mporeite na
dhmioyrghsete to arxiko kai na symplhrwsete ta eukola tmhmata, kai sth
synexeia na symplhrwnete kai ta ypoloipa bhmata ka8ws proxwrate.
6.9.4. Xtizontas to Paketo me RPM
Apo th stigmh poy exete ena arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec file), eiste
etoimoi na dokimasete na xtisete to paketo sas. O pio xrhsimos tropos
na to kanete einai me mia entolh san thn akoloy8h :
rpm -ba foobar-1.0.spec
Yparxoyn epishs kai alles xrhsimes epiloges me to switch -b :
· p shmainei na trejei apla to tmhma prep toy specfile.
· l einai enas elegxos listas poy kanei merikous elegxoys sta
%arxeia.
· c kanei oti leei to tmhma prep kai metaglwttizei. Ayto einai
xrhsimo otan den eiste sigoyroi gia to an o kwdikas sas 8a ginei
build. Fainetai axrhsto epeidh mporei na 8elete na synexisete na
paizete me ton idio ton kwdika mexri na xtistei kai meta na
xrhsimopoihsete to RPM, alla otan ejoikeiw8eite me th xrhsh toy
RPM, 8a breite stigmes poy 8a 8elhsete na to xrhsimopoihsete.
· i kanei oti leei to tmhma prep, metaglwttizei kai egka8ista.
· b kanei oti leei to tmhma prep, metaglwttizei, egka8ista kai xtizei
mono to ektelesimo paketo.
· a ta xtizei ola (kai ta ektelesima kai ta phgaioy kwdika paketa).
Yparxoyn arketes parallages sto -b switch. Aytes einai oi akoloy8es
:
· --short-circuit 8a metabei katey8eian se ena sygkekrimeno shmeio
(mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei mono me ta c kai i).
· --clean apomakrunei to dendro xtisimatos (build tree) otan
teleiwsei.
· --keep-temps 8a krathsei ola ta temp arxeia kai ta scripts poy
ftiaxthkan sto /tmp. Mporeite na deite poia arxeia dhmioyrgh8hkan
ston katalogo /tmp xrhsimopoiwntas thn epilogh -v .
· --test den ektelei pragmatika ta bhmata, mono elegxei an mporoun na
ginoyn.
6.10. Elegjte to
Afou ftiajate ena ektelesimo kai ena me ton phgaio kwdika rpm gia to
paketo sas, xreiazetai na to elegjete. O eykoloteros kai kaluteros
tropos einai na xrhsimopoihsete ena teleiws diaforetiko mhxanhma gia
na to dokimasete. Sto katw-katw, exete kanei tosa make install sto
mhxanhma sas, poy 8a prepei na egkatasta8ei kala.
Mporeite na elegjete to paketo grafontas rpm -u packagename, alla ayto
mporei na sas ejapathsei epeidh sto xtisimo toy paketoy, kanate make
install. An afhsete kati ejw apo th lista arxeiwn sas, de 8a
apegkatasta8oun. 8a egkatasthsete jana to ektelesimo paketo (binary
package) kai to susthma sas 8a leitoyrgei kai pali, alla to rpm den
einai entajei. Sigoyreyteite kai exete ypoch sas oti mporei eseis na
grafete rpm -ba package, polloi omws egka8istoun to paketo sas
kanontas rpm -i package. Sigoyreyteite oti den kanete tipota sta
tmhmata build h install poy 8a xreiastei na ginei otan ta ektelesima
paketa egka8istantai mona toys.
6.11. Ti na kanete me ta nea sas RPMs
Molis ftiajete to diko sas neo RPM gia kati (ypo8etoyme oti einai kati
poy den yparxei se RPM), mporeite na prosferete th doyleia sas kai se
alloys (epishs ypo8etoyme oti ftiajate RPM enos programmatos poy
dianeimetai eleu8era). Gia na to kanete ayto, 8a 8elhsete na to
anebasete sto ftp.redhat.com <ftp://ftp.redhat.com>.
6.12. Kai twra;
Diabaste parakalw ta parapanw tmhmata sxetika me ton Elegxo kai toy ti
na kanete me ta nea RPMs. 8eloyme osa RPMs einai dynato na exoyme, kai
8eloyme malista na einai kai kala RPMs. Parakalw dwste arketo xrono
sto testarisma twn paketwn RPMs kai kante ton kopo na ta balete sto
internet gia to kalo olwn mas. Epishs, parakalw sigoyreyteite oti
kanete upload eleu8era dia8esimo logismiko. Emporiko kai shareware
logismiko de 8a prepei na ginetai upload ektos ki an exoyn anaferetai
rhta oti epitrepetai sthn adeia pneymatikhs idiokthsias. Ayto
perilambanei to logismiko Netscape, ssh, pgp, klp.
7. Xtizontas RPM gia polles arxitektonikes
To RPM mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei gia na xtisete paketa gia Intel i386,
Digital Alpha poy trexoyn Linux kai se Sparc. Exei anafer8ei oti
doyleuei epishs kai se sta8mous ergasias SGI kai HP. Yparxoyn diafora
xarakthristika poy kanoyn to xtisimo twn paketwn eukolo se oles tis
platformes. To prwto einai h ntirektiba ``optflags'' sto /etc/rpmrc.
Mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei gia na 8esete flags poy xrhsimopoiountai otan
xtizete logismiko, se times poy ejartwntai apo thn arxitektonikh toy
systhmatos. Allo ena xarakthristiko einai ta ``arch'' macros sto
arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec file). Mporoun na xrhsimopoih8oun gia na
kanete diafora pragmata analoga me thn arxitektonikh toy systhmatos
sthn opoia to xtizete. Allo ena xarakthristiko einai h ntirektiba
``Exclude'' sthn epikefalida (header).
7.1. Ena aplo arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec File)
To parakatw einai tmhma toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn (spec file) gia to
paketo ``fileutils''. Einai ry8mismeno gia na xtizetai kai se Alpha
kai se Intel.
Summary: GNU File Utilities
Name: fileutils
Version: 3.16
Release: 1
Copyright: GPL
Group: Utilities/File
Source0: prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/fileutils-3.16.tar.gz
Source1: DIR_COLORS
Patch: fileutils-3.16-mktime.patch
%description
These are the GNU file management utilities. It includes programs
to copy, move, list, etc, files.
The ls program in this package now incorporates color ls!
%prep
%setup
%ifarch alpha
%patch -p1
autoconf
%endif
%build
configure --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/
make CFLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" LDFLAGS=-s
%install
rm -f /usr/info/fileutils*
make install
gzip -9nf /usr/info/fileutils*
.
.
.
7.2. Optflags
Se ayto to paradeigma, mporeite na deite pws xrhsimopoieitai h
ntirektiba ``optflags'' apo to /etc/rpmrc. Analoga me to panw se poia
arxitektonikh 8a xtisete, dinete thn katallhlh timh sto RPM_OPT_FLAGS.
Prepei na kanete patch to Makefile etsi wste to paketo sas na
xrhsimopoiei ayth th metablhth anti twn kanonikwn ntirektibwn poy 8a
mporousate na xrhsimopoihsete (opws -m486 kai -O2). Mporeite na
parete mia kalh idea gia to ti xreiazetai na kanete egka8istwntas to
phgaio kwdika toy paketoy kai aposympieste ton kwdika kai ejetaste to
Makefile. Koitajte tote to patch gia to Makefile kai deite ti allages
prepei na kanete.
7.3. Macros
To %ifarch macro einai polu shmantiko se ola ayta. Tis perissoteres
fores 8a xreiastei na efarmosete ena-duo patch eidika gia mia
sygkekrimenh arxitektonikh. Se ayth thn periptwsh, to RPM 8a sas
epitrecei na efarmosete ayto to patch se mia arxitektonikh mono.
Sto parapanw paradeigma, to fileutils exei ena patch gia mhxanes 64
bit. Profanws, ayto 8a prepei na efarmostei mono se Alpha gia thn
wra. Etsi, pros8etoyme ena %ifarch macro gurw apo to 64 bit patch opws
parakatw:
%ifarch axp
%patch1 -p1
%endif
Ayto ejasfalizei oti to patch de 8a efarmostei se opoiadhpote arxitek
tonikh ektos apo alpha.
7.4. Afairwntas arxitektonikes apo Paketa
Gia na mporeite na synthreite paketa RPMs phgaioy kwdika se enan
katalogo gia oles tis platformes, exoyme ylopoihsei thn ikanothta na
"afaireite" paketa wste na mh xtistoun se sygkekrimenes
arxitektonikes. Ayto ginetai wste na mporeite na kanete akomh pragmata
opws
rpm --rebuild /usr/src/SRPMS/*.rpm
kai na xtisete ta swsta paketa. An den exete metaferei mia efarmogh
se mia sygkekrimenh platforma, to mono poy prepei na kanete einai na
pros8esete mia grammh san ayth :
ExcludeArch: axp
sthn epikefalida toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn toy paketoy me ton kwdika.
Sth synexeia, janaxtiste to paketo sthn platforma gia thn opoia
proorizetai. 8a exete tote ena paketo phgaioy kwdika poy paizei se
Intel kai mporei eukola na metafer8ei se Alpha.
7.5. Teleiwnontas
Synh8ws, einai eykolotero na xrhsimopoihsete RPM gia na ftiajete
paketa gia pollaples -arxitektonikes apo to na parete to ka8e paketo
jexwrista kai na to xtisete sta duo merh. Ka8ws polla apo ta megala
paketa xtizontai, ayto ginetai eykolotero, parolayta. Opws panta, o
kaluteros tropos gia na anazhthsete boh8eia otan kollhsete xtizontas
ena RPM einai na deite ton kwdika enos paromoioy paketoy.
8. Pneymatika Dikaiwmata
Ta pneymatika dikaiwmata aytou toy keimenoy kai twn periexomenwn toy
prostateuontai. Epitrepetai h epanadianomh aytou toy keimenoy efoson
to periexomeno toy paramenei analloiwto. Me alla logia, to mono poy
mporeite na kanete einai na allajete th morfh toy keimenoy, na to
typwsete jana h na to dianeimete.
9. Peri ths Ellhnikhs Metafrashs
Gia sxolia, parathrhseis, dior8wseis, enhmerwseis peri ths Ellhnikhs
metafrashs aytou toy HOWTO, steilte email sthn Boula Sanida :
voulariba@hellug.gr