Ellhniko Linux IPX-HOWTO
Terry Dawson, terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au
v2.2, 29 Martioy 1997
Ayto to keimeno exei san skopo na perigracei pws na breite, na
egkatasthsete kai na ry8misete diafora dia8esima ergaleia gia to
leitoyrgiko susthma Linux poy xrhsimopoioun to prwtokollo yposthrijhs
IPX toy Linux pyrhna.
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Eisagwgh
1.1 Allages apo thn prohgoumenh ekdosh.
1.2 Eisagwgh
2. Apokurhjh Ey8ynwn.
3. Sxetikh Tekmhriwsh.
3.1 Nees ekdoseis aytou toy keimenoy
3.2 Anadrash/Sxolia.
3.3 Yposthrijh apo Lista Mhnymatwn/Allhlografias.
4. Merikoi apo toys oroys poy xrhsimopoiountai se ayto to keimeno.
5. Ta sxetika me to IPX arxeia sto susthma arxeiwn
6. Ta IPX Ergaleia toy Greg Pages.
6.1 Ta ergaleia IPX me perissoteres leptomereies.
7. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena IPX dromologhth (router).
7.1 Xreiazetai na ry8misw ena eswteriko diktyo;
8. Ry8miste to Linux mhxanhma sas san NCP pelath (client).
8.1 Apoktwntas to
8.2 Xtizontas to
8.3 Xtizontas to
8.4 Ry8mizontas kai xrhsimopoiwntas to
9. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma sas ws ena NCP diakomisth.
9.1 To paketo
9.1.1 Dynatothtes toy
9.1.2 Apoktwntas to
9.1.3 Xtizontas to paketo
9.2 To paketo
9.2.1 Dynatothtes toy
9.2.2 Apoktwntas to
9.2.3 Xtisimo toy
9.2.4 Ru8mish kai xrhsh toy
10. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena Novell Print Client.
11. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena Novell Diakomisth Ektypwsewn.
11.1 Proapaitoumena
11.2 Ry8miseis
12. Mia epi8ewrhsh twn
12.1 Entoles xrhstwn.
12.2 Ergaleia Diaxeirishs.
13. Ry8mizontas to PPP gia yposthrijh IPX .
13.1 Ry8mizontas ena IPX/PPP diakomisth.
13.1.1 Prwta bhmata.
13.1.2 Sxediasmos.
13.1.3 Ry8miste to
13.1.4 Elegjete th ru8mish toy diakomisth.
13.2 Ry8mizontas ena IPX/PPP client.
13.2.1 Ry8mizontas to
13.2.2 Testarontas ton IPX/PPP pelath.
14. IPX tunnel enanti IP
14.1 Apoktwntas to
14.2 Xtizontas to
14.3 Ry8mizontas to
14.4 Elegxontas kai ry8mizontas to
15. Emporikh yposthrijh IPX gia Linux.
15.1 To Network Desktop ths Caldera
16. Orismenes syxnes erwthseis
17. Pneymatika Dikaiwmata.
18. Diafora kai Eyxaristies.
______________________________________________________________________
1. Eisagwgh
Ayto einai to ellhniko Linux IPX-HOWTO. 8a prepei na diabasete to
Linux NET-3-HOWTO se syndyasmo me ayto to keimeno.
1.1. Allages apo thn prohgoumenh ekdosh.
Pros8hkes:
Proste8hkan merikes plhrofories sxetika me to Frame Type.
Dior8wseis/Enhmerwseis:
To Ox apaiteitai gia thn IPX dieu8ynsh diktuoy sto /etc/ppp/options
Enhmerw8hkan oi ekdoseis kai oi diey8unseis.
Ligo symmazema, ergaleia Ektupwshs kai Diaxeirishs.
1.2. Eisagwgh
O pyrhnas toy Linux exei mia teleiws kainouria ylopoihsh diktuoy
sygkrinomenh me alla leitoyrgika systhmata Unix. H ikanothta na
xrhsimopoihsete ena kainourio tropo gia na anaptujete to logismiko
diktuoy toy pyrhna, exei odhghsei sto na exei o pyrhnas toy Linux
yposthrijh gia mia seira apo xtismena mh tcp/ip prwtokolla. To IPX
prwtokollo einai ena apo ayta poy exoyn symperilhf8ei.
O pyrhnas toy Linux yposthrizei mono to IPX prwtokollo. Den
yposthrizei akomh prwtokolla opws ta IPX/RIP, SAP h NCP, ayta
yposthrizontai apo allo logismiko opws ayta poy anaferontai parakatw
se ayto to keimeno.
H yposthrijh gia to IPX anaptux8hke arxika apo ton Alan Cox
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>kai exei ejelix8ei shmantika apo ton Greg
Page <greg@caldera.com>.
2. Apokurhjh Ey8ynwn.
Den jerw kai den mporw na jerw ta panta sxetika me to Linux logismiko
diktuoy. Dexteite parakalw kai katalabete oti ayto to keimeno einai
pi8ano na exei la8h. Diabaste parakalw ola ta arxeia README poy
symperilambanontai me opoiadhpote tmhmata logismikou exoyn perigrafei
se ayto to keimeno gia perissoteres leptomereies kai akribeis
plhrofories. 8a epixeirhsw na krathsw ayto to keimeno xwris la8h kai
oso to dynaton pio epikairo. Oi ekdoseis toy logismikou einai
prosfates th stigmh ths syggrafhs toy keimenoy.
Me kanena tropo egw h oi syggrafeis toy logismikou se ayto to keimeno
prosferoyn prostasia apo tis dikes sas prajeis. An ry8misete ayto to
logismiko, akomh kai opws exei perigrafei se ayto to keimeno kai sas
dhmioyrgei problhmata sto diktyo sas, tote eiste o monos ypeu8ynos.
Symperilambanw ayth thn proeidopoihsh giati o sxediasmos kai h ru8mish
enos diktuoy IPX den einai panta aplh ypo8esh kai merikes fores
mporei na odhghsei se anepi8umhth allhlepidrash me alloys dromologhtes
(routers) kai diakomistes arxeiwn (fileservers), an den sxediasete kai
ry8misete to diktyo sas prosextika. Epishs, symperilambanw aythn thn
proeidopoihsh giati rwth8hka apo kapoion arketa atyxo poy anakalyce
ayto to ma8hma me ton duskolo tropo.
3. Sxetikh Tekmhriwsh.
Ayto to keimeno ypo8etei pws katalabainete pws na dhmioyrghsete enan
Linux pyrhna me tis katallhles epiloges diktuwshs kai oti
katalabainete pws na xeiris8eite ta basika diktyaka ergaleia opws ta
ifconfig kai route. An oxi, prepei na diabasete to NET-3-HOWTO
<NET-3-HOWTO.html> se syndyasmo me ayto edw to keimeno, mia poy ejhgei
ta parapanw.
¢lla keimena Linux HOWTO poy mporei na fanoun xrhsima einai ta ejhs:
To Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-HOWTO.html>, poy perigrafei tis
leptomereies gia th ru8mish syskeywn Ethernet gia to Linux.
To PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html> ka8ws h yposthrijh gia to IPX einai
dia8esimh gia thn 2.2.Od ekdosh kai tis epomenes ths, sthn ylopoihsh
toy Linux PPP .
3.1. Nees ekdoseis aytou toy keimenoy
An to antigrafo sas aytou toy keimenoy einai perissotero palio apo dyo
mhnwn, sas synistw anepifulakta na apokthsete mia neoterh ekdosh. H
diktyakh yposthrijh gia to Linux allazei polu grhgora me nees
beltiwseis kai xarakthristika, kai epomenws kai ayto to keimeno
allazei sxetika syxna. H teleytaia ekdosh poy toy keimenoy mporei
panta na apokth8ei me anonymous ftp apo to:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO
h:
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/IPX-HOWTO{-html.tar,ps,dvi}.gz
mesw World Wide Web apo to Linux Documentation Project Web Server
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/linux.html>, sth selida: IPX-HOWTO
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO.html> h apey8eias apo
emena, <terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>. Mporei akomh na
dhmosieuetai sta newsgroups: comp.os.linux.networking,
comp.os.linux.answers kai news.answers .
3.2. Anadrash/Sxolia.
Gia sxolia, parathrhseis, dior8wseis, enhmerwseis peri ths Ellhnikhs
metafrashs aytou toy HOWTO, steilte email sthn Boula Sanida :
voulariba@hellug.gr h ston Eyripidh Papakwsta : evris@hellug.gr kai
enallaktika : ep@rocketmail.com
Parakalw steilte moy opoia sxolia, enhmerwseis, protaseis,
<terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>. Oso grhgorotera parw thn anadrash
sas, toso pio grhgora 8a mporesw na enhmerwsw kai na dior8wsw ayto to
keimeno. An synanthsete problhmata me ayto, parakalw steilte moy
apey8eias email, ka8ws twra polu spania diabazw ta newsgroups.
3.3. Yposthrijh apo Lista Mhnymatwn/Allhlografias.
Exei idry8ei mia lista mhnymatwn gia syzhthsh peri twn diaforwn
paketwn logismikou gia Linux IPX poy exoyn perigrafontai se ayto to
keimeno. Mporeite na eggrafeite se ayth, stelnontas ena mhnyma sto
'listserv@sh.cvut.cz' me thn grammh `add linware' sto kurio meros toy
mhnumatos. Gia na steilete sth lista, steilte thn allhlografia sas sto
`linware@sh.cvut.cz'.
H lista allhlografias arxeio8eteitai sto www.kin.vslib.cz
<http://www.kin.vslib.cz/hypermail/linware/>.
4. Merikoi apo toys oroys poy xrhsimopoiountai se ayto to keimeno.
8a deite syxna toys oroys client kai server na xrhsimopoiountai se
ayto to keimeno. Einai synh8ws arketa sygkekrimenoi oroi alla se ayto
to keimeno exw genikeusei ligo toys orismous toys, etsi wste na
shmainoyn ta ejhs:
pelaths (client)
To mhxanhma h programma poy jekina mia prajh h mia sundesh gia
to skopo ths apokthshs kapoiwn yphresiwn h dedomenwn.
diakomisths (server)
To mhxanhma h to programma poy dexetai eiserxomenes syndeseis
apo pollapla apomakrysmena mhxanhmata kai parexei yphresia h
dedomena se ayta.
Aytoi oi orismoi den einai oute polu egkyroi, alla parexoyn ena meso
gia na jexwrisoyme tis duo akres twn syndesewn systhmatwn pros shmeio,
opws to SLIP h to PPP poy pragmatika den exoyn pelates (clients) kai
diakomistes (servers).
Alloi oroi poy 8a deite einai oi ejhs:
Bindery
To bindery einai mia ejeidikeymenh bash dedomenwn apo8hkeyshs
plhrofories ry8misewn toy diktuoy se enan diakomisth arxeiwn
Novell . Pelates toy Netware mporoun na rwthsoyn to bindery gia
na paroyn plhrofories gia dia8esimes yphresies, dromologhseis
kai plhrofories xrhstwn.
Frame Type
einai enas oros poy xrhsimopoieitai gia na perigracei to
pragmatiko prwtokollo poy xrhsimopoieitai gia na metaferoyme ta
IPX (kai IP) datagrams sta diafora tmhmata diktuoy Ethernet.
Yparxoyn tessera koina. Einai ta:
Ethernet-II
Ayto einai mia ananewmenh ekdosh toy arxikou protupoy
ethernet DIX. Sto Novell exei do8ei mia epishmh taytothta
anagnwrishs prwtokolloy kai ayto shmainei oti kai to IPX kai
to IP mporoun na synyparxoyn armonika se ena periballon
Ethernet-II. Ayto xrhsimopoieitai syxna se periballonta
Novell kai einai mia kalh epilogh.
802.3
Ayto einai ena prwtokollo ths I.E.E.E. poy orizei ena
mhxanismo Anixneyshs Ferontos Pollaplwn Prosbasewn me
Entopismo Sygkrousewn (Carrier Sense Multiple Access me
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)). Basisthke sto arxiko protypo
Ethernet DIX, me mia shmantikh tropopoihsh, o tupos toy
pedioy ths taytothtas toy prwtokolloy metatraphke se ena
pedio mhkoys (length field). Gi' ayto to logo to IPX
pragmatika den prepei na to trejoyme edw. To IEEE 802.3
sxediasthke gia na metaferei MONO paketa IEEE 802.2 alla
yparxoyn pragmatopoihseis toy poy to xrhsimopoioun gia na
metaferoyn paketa IPX amesa kai periergws leitoyrgei. Na to
apofugete ektos kai an epixeireitai na allhlepidrasete me
diktyo poy exei hdh exei ry8mistei na xrhsimopoiei.
802.2
Ayto einai ena I.E.E.E. prwtokollo poy orizei ena sunolo apo
diadikasies Elegxoy Logikwn Syndesewn (Logical Link Control).
Parexei enan aploiko tropo synuparjhs diaforetikwn
prwtokollwn, alla einai arketa periorismeno se ayto to 8ema.
To Novell xrhsimopoiei ena anepishmo Service Address Point
(ws taytothta prwtokolloy) alla afou epishs oloi to
xrhsimopoioun, den exei akomh paroysiasei megalo problhma.
SNAP
To SNAP einai ena Prwtokollo Prosbashs se ypodiktya. Ayto
einai sxediasmeno panw apo ta 802.3 kai 802.2. Epekteinei thn
ikanothta yposthrijhs pollaplwn prwtokollwn toy 802.2 kai
parexei orismena metra symbatothtas me yparxontes tupoys
paketwn Ethernet kai Ethernet-II.
IPX
To Internet Packet eXchange (IPX) einai ena prwtokollo poy
xrhsimopoieitai apo thn Novell gia na parexei endodiktyakh
yposthrijh gia to proion toys netware (tm). To IPX einai
paromoio se leitoyrgia me to prwtokollo IP to opoio
xrhsimopoieitai apo to thn koinothta toy tcp/ip.
Dieu8ynsh Diktuoy IPX
Ayth einai enas ari8mos poy prosdiorizei monadika ena
sygkekrimeno IPX diktyo. H synh8hs grafh ths dieu8ynshs ayths
einai se dekaejadiko susthma. Ena paradeigma mporei na moiazei
me:0x23a91002.
Eswteriko Diktyo IPX
Ayto einai ena eikoniko IPX diktyo. Einai eikoniko giati den
antistoixei se kapoio fysiko diktyo. Xrhsimopoieitai gia na
parexei ena meso monadikhs taytopoihshs kai diey8ynsiodothshs
enos sygkekrimenoy IPX mhxanhmatos. Ayto einai genika mono
xrhsimo se mhxanhmata me IPX poy anhkoyn se perissotera apo ena
fysika IPX diktya san diakomistes arxeiwn. H dieu8ynsh einai
kwdikopoihmenh sthn idia morfh opws kai gia ta fysika IPX
diktya.
RIP
To Prwtokollo Plhroforiwn Dromologhshs (Routing Information
Protocol) einai ena prwtokollo poy xrhsimopoieitai gia na
diadwsei aytomata dromologhshs diktuwn se ena diktyo IPX. Einai
paromoio se leitoyrgia me to RIP poy xrhsimopoieitai apo thn
koinothta tcp/ip.
NCP
To Basiko Prwtokollo Netware (Netware Core Protocol) einai ena
prwtokollo diktyakou systhmatos arxeiwn, sxediasmeno apo thn
etaireia Novell gia proion to Netware(tm). To NCP einai paromoio
se leitoyrgia me to NFS poy xrhsimopoieitai apo thn koinothta
tcp/ip.
SAP
To Prwtokollo Diafhmishs Yphresias (Service Advertisement
Protocol) einai ena prwtokollo sxediasmeno apo thn etaireia
Novell, poy xrhsimopoieitai gia na diafhmisei yphresies diktuoy
se ena periballon Netware (tm).
Dieu8ynsh Ylikou (Hardware address)
Ayto einai enas ari8mos monadika prosdiorizei ena mhxanhma se
ena fysiko diktyo, sto epipedo prosbashs sto fysiko meso.
Paradeigmata tetoioy tupoy einai oi : Diey8unseis Ethernet
(Ethernet Addresses) Mia dieu8ynsh Ethernet einai genika
kwdikopoihmenh ws eji dekaejadikes times xwrismenes metaju toys
me ton xarakthra "anw katw teleia" p.x. 00:60:8C:C3:3C:0F
Diadromh - dromologio (route)
To route einai h diadromh poy ta paketa sas akoloy8oun mesa sto
diktyo gia na f8asoyn sto proorismo toys.
5. Ta sxetika me to IPX arxeia sto susthma arxeiwn /proc .
Yparxoyn arketa arxeia sxetika me thn yposthrijh IPX sto Linux poy
briskontai sto susthma arxeiwn /proc. Ayta einai ta ejhs:
/proc/net/ipx_interface
Ayto to arxeio periexei plhrofories sxetika me ta IPX interfaces
poy einai ry8mismena sto mhxanhma sas. Ayta isws na exoyn
ry8mistei xeirokinhta me kapoia entolh h na exoyn anixneytei kai
ry8mistei aytomata.
/proc/net/ipx_route
Ayto to arxeio periexei mia lista apo diadromes poy yparxoyn
ston IPX pinaka dromologhsewn. Aytes oi diadromes exoyn isws
proste8ei xeirokinhta me kapoia entolh h aytomata apo enan IPX
daimona dromologhsewn.
/proc/net/ipx
Ayto to arxeio einai mia lista apo IPX ypodoxes (sockets) poy
einai ayth th stigmh anoixta gia xrhsh sto mhxanhma.
6. Ta IPX Ergaleia toy Greg Pages.
O Greg Page <greg@caldera.com ths Caldera Incorporated exei gracei ena
sunolo apo ergaleia ru8mishs toy IPX kai exei epekteinei thn
yposthrijh toy pyrhna toy Linux gia IPX.
Oi epektaseis toy pyrhna epitrepoyn sto Linux na ry8mistei san enas
plhrws ikanos dromologhths h gefyra IPX. H employtismenh IPX
yposthrijh exei hdh kykloforhsei mesw twn gnwstwn kuriwn dianomwn
pyrhna, opote pi8ana na thn exete hdh.
Ta ergaleia ru8mishs toy diktuoy sas parexoyn th dynatothta na
ry8misete tis syskeyes toy diktuoy sas wste na yposthrijoyn IPX kai
sas epitrepoyn na ry8misete thn IPX dromologhsh kai alles eykolies
katw apo to Linux. Ta Linux ergaleia toy diktuoy IPX einai dia8esima
apo to: sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/ipx.tgz>.
6.1. Ta ergaleia IPX me perissoteres leptomereies.
ipx_interface
Ayth h entolh xrhsimopoieitai gia na pros8esoyme, na diagracoyme
h na elegjoyme xeirokinhta thn IPX ikanothta se mia yparxoysa
syskeyh diktuoy. Fysiologika, h syskeyh diktuoy 8a htan mia
syskeyh Ethernet opws eth0. Toylaxiston ena IPX interface
prepei na einai prosdiorismeno san primary interface kai to -p
flag se ayth thn entolh to kanei ayto. P.x. gia na
energopoihsete th syskeyh Ethernet eth0 gia dynatothta IPX san
to kurio IPX interface xrhsimopoiwntas to IEEE 802.2 frame type
kai th dieu8ynsh diktuoy IPX 39ab02222 8a grafate to ejhs:
# ipx_interface add -p eth0 802.2 0x39ab0222
An emfanistei kapoio la8os ka8ws trexete ayto to programma kai
etyxe na mhn exete ry8misei akomh to tcp/ip, tote 8a deite oti
xreiazetai na jekinhsete xeirokinhta to eth0 interface xrhsimopoi
wntas thn entolh:
# ifconfig eth0 up
ipx_configure
Ayth h entolh energopoiei h apenergopoiei thn aytomath epilogh
ths ru8mishs toy interface kai twn epilogwn toy kyrioy
interface.
--auto_interface
Sas epitrepei na epilejete an oi nees syskeyes diktuoy 8a
prepei na ry8mizontai aytomata san IPX syskeyes h oxi.
--auto_primary
Sas epitrepei na epilejete an to IPX logismiko 8a prepei na
epilegei aytomata ena kurio interface h oxi.
Ena typiko paradeigma 8a htan na energopoihsete kai thn aytomath
ru8mish toy interface kai thn aytomath epilogh toy kurioy
interface me thn akoloy8h entolh:
# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
ipx_internal_net
Ayth h entolh sas epitrepei na ry8misete h na apory8misete mia
eswterikh dieu8ynsh diktuoy. H eswterikh dieu8ynsh diktuoy einai
proairetikh, alla otan exei ry8mistei 8a einai panta to kurio
interface. Gia na ry8misete mia dieu8ynsh diktuoy IPX toy
ab000000 se ena kombo IPX 1 8a xrhsimopoihsete :
# ipx_internal_net add 0xab000000 1
ipx_route
Ayth h entolh sas epitrepei na tropopoihsete xeirokinhta ton
pinaka IPX dromologhsewn. Gia paradeigma, gia na pros8esete mia
diadromh sto IPX diktyo 39ab0222 mesw enos dromologhth me ari8mo
komboy 00608CC33C0F se ena IPX diktyo 39ab0108:
# ipx_route add 0x39ab0222 0x39ab0108 0x00608CC33C0F
7. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena IPX dromologhth (router).
An exete ena ari8mo apo IPX tmhmata (segments) ta opoia epi8ymeite na
diasyndesete mesw diktuoy xreiazeste tis yphresies enos dromologhth.
Se periballon Novell yparxoyn dyo plhrofories poy einai aparaithtes na
diado8oun sto diktyo. Einai oi plhrofories dromologhshs diktuoy poy
diadidontai xrhsimopoiwntas to Novell RIP kai oi plhrofories
diafhmishs yphresiwn (service advertisement information) poy
diadidontai xrhsimopoiwntas to Novell SAP. Opoiosdhpote dromologhths
prepei na yposthrizei kai ta duo ayta prwtokolla ta opoia einai
xrhsima stis perissoteres periptwseis.
To Linux yposthrizei kai ta duo ayta prwtokolla kai mporei eukola na
leitoyrghsei san enas dromologhths plhrws symbatos me Novell.
H yposthrijh IPX toy pyrhna toy Linux diaxeirizetai to IPX paketo
prow8wntas to dia mesoy twn interfaces, alla ayto to kanei sumfwna me
toys kwdikopoihmenoys kanones ston IPX pinaka dromologhsewn. To Linux
xreiazetai ena programma gia na ylopoihsei to Novell RIP kai SAP, gia
na sigoyrecei oti o IPX pinakas dromologhsewn einai domhmenos swsta
kai enhmerwnetai periodika wste na antanakla tis allages sthn
katastash diktuoy.
O Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> exei anaptujei ena daimona
dromologhshs poy 8a to kanei gia sas.
8a breite to ipxripd sto:
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/ipxripd-0.7.tgz>
h sth selida twn Volkers sto:
ftp.gwdg.de <ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/ipxripd-0.7.tgz>
H ru8mish toy Linux mhxanhmatos sas wste na symperiferetai sa
dromologhths einai profanhs. Ta bhmata poy prepei na kanete einai ta
ejhs:
1. Xtiste ton pyrhna sas me yposthrijh IPX, Ethernet kai /proc .
2. Parte, metaglwttiste kai egkatasthste to ipxd daimona.
3. 3ekinhste me to neo pyrhna kai bebaiw8eite oti ka8e mia apo tis
kartes Ethernet exei anagnwris8ei swsta kai den yparxoyn hardware
sygkrouseis (conflicts).
4. Energopoihste to prwtokollo IPX se ka8e ena apo ta interfaces
xrhsimopoiwntas thn entolh ipx_interface poy perigrafthke parapanw.
5. 3ekinhste to ipxd daimona.
As 8ewrhsoyme to akoloy8o aplo diktyo:
IPX Diey8: 0x01000000 802.2
|----------------------------|
|
\_________________________
\ Linux Dromologhths
IPX Diey8: 0x02000000 802.2 \
|----------------------------| \ eth0/-----------\
| \--====| |
\_________________________ | IPX route |
\ eth1| Table |
IIPX Diey8: 0x03000000 etherII \----====| ^ |
|-------------------------------| | | |
| eth2| IPXd |
\______________________________/====| |
| SAPd |
IPX Diey8: 0x04000000 etherII eth3| |
|------------------------------| /====| |
| | \___________/
\______________________________/
H ru8mish gia to parapanw diktyo 8a moiazei me :
# ipx_interface add eth0 802.2 0x0100000000
# ipx_interface add eth1 802.2 0x0200000000
# ipx_interface add eth2 etherii 0x0300000000
# ipx_interface add eth3 etherii 0x0400000000
# ipxd
8a prepei na perimenete gia ligo kai na elegjete to arxeio
/proc/net/ipx_route kai prepei na to deite na exei employtis8ei me tis
dromologhseis toy IPX sxetikes me tis ry8miseis sas kai me opoies
alles diadromes ema8e apo alloys dromologhtes sto diktyo.
7.1. Xreiazetai na ry8misw ena eswteriko diktyo;
To Novell exei ena xarakthristiko poy onomazetai eswteriko diktyo, poy
to xrhsimopoiei gia na aplopoihsei th dromologhsh se periptwseis opoy
o host exei perissoteres apo mia syskeyes diktuoy syndedemenes. Ayto
einai xrhsimo sthn periptwsh poy o diakomisths arxeiwn einai
syndedemenos me pollapla diktya ka8ws shmainei oti mono mia diadromh
xreiazetai na diafhmistei gia na f8asei to diakomisth asxeta apo poio
diktyo prospa8eite.
Sth periptwsh ru8mishs opoy den trexete ton diakomisth arxeiwn kai to
mhxanhma sas symperiferetai mono sa dromologhths IPX, h erwthsh den
einai toso eukolo na apanth8ei. Exei anafer8ei oti h ru8mish gia
IPX/PPP leitoyrgei 'kalutera' an ry8misete epishs ena eswteriko
diktyo.
Se ka8e periptwsh einai eukolo na ginei, alla isws apaithsei na
janaxtistei o pyrhnas sas. 1/4tan doyleuete mesw toy make config toy
pyrhna prepei na apanthste y otan erwth8eite Full internal IPX
network, opws deixnei parakatw:
...
...
Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN) [N/y/?] y
...
...
Gia na ry8mistei to eswteriko interface toy diktuoy, xrhsimopoihste
thn entolh ipx_internal_net poy perigrafthke nwritera sto Tmhma
Ergaleia gia IPX. Prepei na lhf8ei prosoxh sto na einai monadikh sto
diktyo sas h IPX dieu8ynsh toy poy ana8esate kai oti kanena allo
mhxanhma h diktyo den th xrhsimopoiei.
8. Ry8miste to Linux mhxanhma sas san NCP pelath (client).
An eiste xrhsths enos diktuoy diaforetikwn texnologiwn poy syndyazei
kai ta dyo, IP kai IPX, prwtokolla einai pi8anon oti kapoia stigmh 8a
8elete to Linux na prospelaunei dedomena apo8hkeymena se ena
diakomisth arxeiwn Novell toy diktuoy sas. H Novell exei prosferei ena
paketo NFS server gia toys diakomistes arxeiwn, poy to kanei dynato,
alla an eiste ena mikro site h exete mono enan mikro ari8mo an8rwpwn
poy endiaferontai na to kanoyn ayto, einai duskolo na dikaiologhsete
to kostos toy emporikou paketoy.
O Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> exei gracei ena Linux
module gia systhmata arxeiwn poy yposthrizei ena yposunolo toy Novell
NCP poy 8a sas epitrecei na prosarthsete diskoys Novell sto susthma
arxeiwn toy Linux sas xwris na apaitountai pros8eta proionta gia ton
diakomisth arxeiwn sas. o Volker onomase to paketo ncpfs kai apespase
tis aparaithtes plhrofories kyriws apo to biblio
"Netzwerkprogrammierung in C" toy Manfred Hill kai Ralf Zessin
(perissoteres leptomereies toy biblioy periexontai mesa sto README
arxeio sto paketo ncpfs).
To logismiko kanei to Linux na prosomoiazei me ena fysiologiko sta8mo
ergasias Novell gia yphresies arxeiwn. Akomh symperilambanei mia mikrh
ektypwtikh efarmogh poy sas epitrepei na typwsete se oyres ektupwshs
Novell (Ayto tekmhriwnetai argotera sto Tmhma "Pelaths Ektypwsewn").
To paketo ncpfs 8a paijei me diakomistes arxeiwn Novell ths ekdoshs
3.x kai neoteroys, den 8a leitoyrghsei me to Novell 2.x. To ncpfs
client 8a leitoyrgei me proionta poy einai isxyra symbata me Novell ,
alla dystyxws orismena proionta poy isxyrizontai oti einai symbata den
einai kai toso. Gia na xrhsimopoihsete to ncpfs me diakomistes
arxeiwn Novell 4.x , o diakomisths arxeiwn prepei na ry8mistei gia na
leitoyrghsei se bindery emulation mode, giati to ncpfs den yposthrizei
akomh to NDS.
8.1. Apoktwntas to ncpfs .
To neotero paketo ncpfs sxediasthke gia na xtistei me ton pyrhna
ekdoshs 1.2.13 h pyrhnes meta apo th ekdosh 1.3.71 (ayto
symperilambanei kai toys 2.x.x) An den xrhsimopoieite ena pyrhna
kamias apo aytes tis kathgories, tote 8a prepei na anaba8misete ton
pyrhna sas . To Kernel-HOWTO <Kernel-HOWTO.html> perigrafei leptomerws
pws na to kanete.
Mporeite na parete to paketo ncpfs me anwnymo ftp apo to home site toy
Volker sto: ftp.gwdg.de <ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/> h
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs> h mirror
site. H trexoysa ekdosh th stigmh poy grafw einai h ejhs:
ncpfs-2.0.10.tgz
8.2. Xtizontas to ncpfs gia ton pyrhna 1.2.13.
Dhmioyrghste ena pyrhna me yposthrijh Ethernet kai IPX
. To prwto pragma poy xreiazeste na kanete einai na ejasfalisete
pws o pyrhnas sas dhmioyrgh8hke me energopoihmenh yposthrijh
IPX. Sto pyrhna ekdoshs 1.2.13 xreiazeste mono na sigoyrecete
oti exete apanthsei Y sth erwthsh: 'The IPX protocol' opws
deixnei parakatw:
...
...
Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [y]
Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [n]
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
*
* SCSI support
...
...
Xreiazetai akomh na bebaiw8eite oti symperilabate ena katallhlo
odhgo gia thn Ethernet karta sas. An den gnwrizete pws na kanete
ayto, tote prepei na diabasete to Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Twra mporeite na proxwrhsete sto xtisimo toy pyrhna sas. 8ymh8eite
na na trejete to lilo gia na ton egkatasthsete otan exete
teleiwsei.
Kanete Untar to logismiko ncpfs
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz ncpfs-2.0.10.tgz
# cd ncpfs
Elegjte to Makefile
An skopeuete na xrhsimopoihsete to kerneld gia na fortwnete
aytomata ta ncpfs module toy pyrhna, tote prepei na bgalete apo
ta sxolia th grammh sto Makefile poy anaferete sto: KERNELD. An
den eiste bebaios ti shmainei ayto tote prepei na diabasete to
Kernel-HOWTO <Kernel-HOWTO.html> gia na ejoikeiw8eite me tis
ry8miseis twn module toy pyrhna.
Kane make to logismiko ncpfs
To logismiko prepei na metaglwttistei aneta, xwris na apaiteitai
kapoia allh ru8mish:
# make
Antigracte ta IPX ergaleia kapoy an den to exete hdh kanei.
Otan teleiwsei to make , prepei na breite ola ta ergaleia poy
xreiazeste ston katalogo ncpfs/bin. Mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete
to:
# make install
gia na egkatasthste ta ergaleia stoys katalogoys poy epeleje o
Volkers. An trexete ena susthma basismeno se ELF, tote prepei na
janatrejete to `ldconfig -v' gia na sigoyreyteite oti mporei na
bre8ei h shared biblio8hkh.
Antigracte to module ncpfs.o se kapoio meros xrhsimo an einai
aparaithto.
An metaglwttizete ena pyrhna 1.2.* tote 8a breite ston katalogo
ncpfs/bin ena arxeio poy onomazetai ncpfs.o, afou to make exei
teleiwsei. Ayto einai to module toy pyrhna ncpfs. Prepei na to
antigracete se kapoio meros xrhsimo. Sto debian susthma moy, to
exw antigracei ston katalogo /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs kai exw
pros8esei to ncpfs sto arxeio /etc/modules etsi wste na jekina
aytomata kata thn ekkinhsh toy systhmatos. An xrhsimopoieite
kapoia allh dianomh, 8a prepei na breite pou fylaei ta modules
ths kai na to antigracete ekei, h apla antigracte to ston
katalogo /etc. Gia na fortwsete ta modules xeirokinhta
xrhsimopoihste thn entolh:
# insmod ncpfs.o
8.3. Xtizontas to ncpfs gia pyrhnes 1.3.71++/2.0.*.
Gia thn teleytaia ekdosh toy ncpfs 8a prepei na xrhsimopoihsete ton
pyrhna 1.3.71 h newtero toy, symperilambanomenwn kai twn 2.0.* .
An skopeuete na xrhsimopoihsete kapoion pyrhna poy einai ekdoshs
1.3.71 h pio prosfatos, tote o kwdikas toy ncpfs exei symperilhf8ei
sth dianomh toy pyrhna. Xreiazetai mono na apanthsete Y sto:
Networking options --->
...
...
<*> The IPX protocol
...
Filesystems --->
...
...
<*> NCP filesystem support (to mount NetWare volumes)
...
Xreiazetai akoma na akoloy8hsete tis odhgies gia to xtisimo twn
pyrhnwn 1.2.*, etsi wste na dhmioyrghste ta ergaleia alla den 8a
yparxei arxeio module na egkatasta8ei.
8.4. Ry8mizontas kai xrhsimopoiwntas to ncpfs .
Ru8mish toy logismikou enos diktuoy IPX
. Yparxoyn dyo tropoi ru8mishs toy logismikou enos diktuoy IPX.
Mporeite na ry8misete xeirokinhta oles tis parametroys toy IPX
diktuoy sas h na afhsete sto logismiko na apofasisei orismenes
logikes ry8miseis, xrhsimopoiwntas thn entolh:
# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
Ayto prepei na arkei stis perissoteres periptwseis, alla an den
paizei se sas tote diabaste to tmhma 'Ergaleia IPX (IPX tools)'
parapanw gia na to ry8misete xeirokinhta.
Elegxos ry8misewn
Afou to IPX diktyo sas exei ry8mistei 8a prepei na mporeite na
xrhsimopoieite thn entolh slist gia na deite mia lista apo oloys
toys diakomistes arxeiwn Novell toy diktuoy sas:
# slist
An h entolh slist bgalei kapoio mhnyma san ayto: ncp_connect:
Invalid argument tote o pyrhnas sas isws na mhn yposthrizei IPX. Na
elegjete oti pragmati exete ekkinhsei ton katallhlo pyrhna. Kata
thn ekkinhsh, prepei na deite sta mhnumata ekkinhshs toy systhmatos
mhnumata opws 'IPX' kai 'ncpfs'. An h entolh slist den emfanizei
oloys toys diakomistes arxeiwn toy diktuoy sas tote isws na
xreiastei na xrhsimopoihste th me8odo xeirokinhths ru8mishs toy
diktuoy.
Prosarthsh enos diskoy (volume) Novell(tm).
An to logismiko diktuoy gia IPX leitoyrgei kanonika, 8a prepei
twra na mporeite na prosarthsete ena disko enos diakomisth
arxeiwn Novell sto susthma arxeiwn toy Linux sas. H entolh
ncpmount xrhsimopoieitai gia ayto to skopo kai apaitei na
prosdiorisete toylaxiston tis akoloy8es plhrofories:
1. To onoma toy diakomisth arxeiwn
2. Thn taytothta toy login sas sto diakomisth. An exete kai
password 8a to xreiasteite kai ayto.
3. To shmeio prosarthshs px, ekei opoy 8elete na prosarth8ei o
diskos. Ayto 8a einai enas yparxwn katalogos sto mhxanhma
sas.
Yparxei mia antistoixh entolh ncpumount gia na apoprosarthsete
ena prosarthmeno NCP susthma arxeiwn. Ta NCP systhmata arxeiwn
apoprosarth8oun omala (cleanly) an katebasete (shutdown) to
mhxanhma sas omala, etsi den xreiazetai na anhsyxhsete gia na
kanete ncpumoun ta systhmata arxeiwn sas xeirokinhta prin to
halt h to shutdown.
Ena paradeigma entolhs gia na prosarmosoyme to diakomisth
arxeiwn ACCT_FS01, me ena login id guest kai kanena kwdiko, katw
apo ton katalogo /mnt/Accounts mporei na moiazei me thn
akoloy8h:
# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
Shmeiwste th xrhsh ths epiloghs -n, gia na deijete oti kanenas
kwdikos den apaiteitai gia to login. To idio login otan prosdiori
zoyme kai kwdiko (password) secret 8a moiazei me:
# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -P secret
An den prosdiorisete tis epiloges -n h -P 8a erwth8eite gia kwdiko.
Na elegjete to apotelesma ths entolhs mount
An h entolh mount einai epityxhmenh 8a exete toys diskoys
aytous prosbasimoys, sto xrhsth me userid aythn poy
xrhsimopoih8hke kata to login, ws katalogoys katw apo to shmeio
prosarthshs. 8a prepei epishs na mporeite na diasxizete thn
domh twn katalogwn gia na breite o,ti alla arxeia. Epeidh to
NCP den parexei uid h gid idiothtes arxeiwn, ola ta arxeia 8a
exoyn tis idies idiothtes idiokthsias me ton arxiko katalogo
prosarthshs, exete to loipon sto noy sas, otan moirazete tis
prosarthseis metaju Linux xrhstwn.
Ru8mish twn prosarthsewn wste ektelountai aytomata.
An exete anagkh gia kapoia monimh prosarthsh tupoy ncp tote 8a
8elhsete na ry8misete tis parapanw entoles sta arxeia rc, etsi
wste na symbainoyn aytomata kata thn wra ths ekkinhshs. An h
dianomh sas den parexei hdh kapoio tropo ru8mishs toy IPX, opws
to debian, tote sas synistw na tis topo8ethsete sto
/etc/rc.local arxeio sas, an exete ena. Isws na xrhsimopoihsete
kati san:
#
# Start the ncp filesystem
/sbin/insmod /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs/ncpfs.o
# configure the IPX network
ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
# guest login to the Accounting diakomisth arxeiwn
ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
#
Yparxei kai allo meso gia na ry8mistoun oi NCP prosarthseis kai
ayto ginetai me th dhmioyrgia enos arxeioy $HOME/.nwclient. Ayto to
arxeio periexei leptomereies gia tis proswrines prosarthseis h tis
prosarthseis sygkekrimenwn xrhstwn, poy 8a ektelountai syxna. Sas
epitrepei na apo8hkeusete tis leptomereies twn prosarthsewn etsi
wste na mporeite na ta janadhmioyrghsete xwris na xreiazetai ka8e
fora na prosdiorizete oles tis parametroys.
H suntajh einai sxedon aytonohth:
# The first entry is the 'preferred server' entry and is
# used whenever you do no specify a server explicitly.
#
# User TERRY login to DOCS_FS01 fileserver with password 'password'
DOCS_FS01/TERRY password
#
# Guest login to the ACCT_FS01 fileserver with no password.
ACCT_FS01/GUEST -
Gia na energopoihsete aytes tis prosarthseis mporeite na xrhsi
mopoihsete:
$ ncpmount /home/terry/docs
gia na prosarthsete to: DOCS_FS01 me TERRY ws login katw apo ton
katalogo /home/terry/docs. Shmeiwste oti h kataxwrhsh ayth
epilexthke, giati kanenas diakomisths arxeiwn den ka8oristhke sth
entolh prosarthshs (mount). An dinate thn akoloy8h entolh :
$ ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /home/terry/docs
tote to ACCT_FS01 8a prosartiotan ekei me GUEST login .
Shmeiwsh: gia na leitoyrghsei aytos o mhxanismos oi idiothtes
(permissions) toy $HOME/.nwclient arxeioy, 8a prepei na einai 0600.
8a xreiasteite loipon na xrhsimopoihste th entolh:
$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.nwclient
An prokeitai na epitrapei se mh-root xrhstes na xrhsimopoioun ayto
to mhxanismo tote h entolh ncpmount prepei na einai Set Userid
Root, etsi 8a xreiastei na toy xorhghsete ta katallhla dikaiwmata:
# chmod 4755 ncpmount
Dokimaste th boh8htikh efarmogh nsend
, mia boh8htikh entolh gia apostolh mhnymatwn pros xrhstes
Novell, h opoia epishs symperilambanete mesa sto paketo, legetai
nsend kai xrhsimopoieitai ws ejhs:
# nsend rod hello there
8a steilei to mhnyma "hello there" se ena xrhsth poy einai mesa
ston kurio diakomisth arxeiwn sas, san "rod" (ston prwto diakomisth
poy emfanizetai sto arxeio .nwclient. Mporeite na prosdiorisete
allon diakomisth arxeiwn me th idia suntajh opws kai gia thn entolh
ncpmount.
9. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma sas ws ena NCP diakomisth.
Yparxoyn duo dia8esima paketa poy epitrepoyn sto Linux na parexei tis
leitoyrgies enos Diakomisth Arxeiwn Novell. Kai ta dyo sas epitrepoyn
na moirasete metaju toy Linux sas kai xrhstes poy exoyn logismiko
pelatwn Novell NetWare. Oi xrhstes mporoun na prosarthsoyn kai na
blepoyn ta systhmata arxeiwn san topikous diskoys sta mhxanhmata toys,
opws 8a emfanizontan me ena pragmatiko diakomisth arxeiwn ths Novell.
Isws na 8elete na ta dokimasete kai ta dyo gia na deite poio
ejyphretei kalutera tis anagkes sas.
9.1. To paketo mars_nwe .
O Martin Stover <mstover@freeway.de> dhmiourghse to mars_nwe gia na
epitrepei sto linux na parexei arxeia kai yphresies ektupwshs gia toys
pelates toy Netware.
Se periptwsh poy anarwtieste gia to onoma: mars_nwe ,einai Martin
Stovers Netware Emulator.
9.1.1. Dynatothtes toy mars_nwe .
mars_nwe Ylopoiei ena yposunolo toy plhroys Novell NCP gia yphresies
toy arxeioy, bindery diskwn kai akomh yphresies ektypwsewn. Einai
pi8anon na periexei problhmata (bugs), alla to xrhsimopoioun polloi
an8rwpoi, kai o ari8mos twn problhmatwn meiwnetai stadiaka ka8ws
bgainoyn kainouries ekdoseis.
9.1.2. Apoktwntas to mars_nwe .
Mporeite na parete to mars_nwe apo to ftp.gwdg.de
<ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/> h apo to
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems pfs/>.
H trexoysa ekdosh th stigmh poy grafw einai: mars_nwe-0.98.pl8.tgz.
9.1.3. Xtizontas to paketo mars_nwe .
Dhmioyrghste enan pyrhna me yposthrijh Ethernet kai IPX
se pyrhna ekdoshs 1.2.13. To mono poy xreiazetai einai na
bebaiw8eite oti exete apanthsei Y sthn erwthsh: To IPX
prwtokollo kai N sthn erwthsh: Full eswteriko IPX diktyo opws
deixnei parakatw:
...
...
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
...
...
Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN) [N/y/?] n
...
...
Stoys newteroys pyrhnes efarmozetai mia paromoia diadikasia alla to
ka8ayto keimeno ths erwthshs mporei na exei allajei ligo.
Akomh 8a xreiastei na bebaiw8eite pws symperilabate ena katallhlo
odhgo gia thn Ethernet karta sas . An den gnwrizete pws na to
kanete ayto, tote prepei na diabasete to Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Proxwrhste meta sto xtisimo toy pyrhna sas. Mhn jexasete na trejete
to lilo gia na ton egkatasthsei otan 8a exete teleiwsei.
Kante Untar to paketo mars_nwe.
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz mars_nwe-0.98.pl3.tgz
Kante make to mars_nwe.
To na kanete make to paketo einai polu aplo. To prwto bhma
einai na trejete apla to make, kai ayto 8a dhmioyrghsei ena
arxeio config.h. Meta 8a prepei na dior8wsete to arxeio config.h
, an einai aparaithto. Sas epitrepei na ry8misete pragmata opws
toys katalogoys egkatastashs poy 8a xrhsimopoih8oun kai to
megisto ari8mo syndesewn kai diskwn poy 8a yposthrijei o
diaxeirisths. Oi pragmatika shmantikes kataxwrhseis poy prepei
na koitajete einai:
FILENAME_NW_INI the location of the initialisation file
PATHNAME_PROGS where the executable support programs will be found.
PATHNAME_BINDERY where the 'bindery' files will go.
PATHNAME_PIDFILES the directory for the 'pid' files to be written.
MAX_CONNECTIONS the maximum number of simultaneous connections allowed.
MAX_NW_VOLS the maximum number of volumes mars_nwe will support.
MAX_FILE_HANDLES_CONN the maximum number of open files per connection.
WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS if you want to support ncpfs clients.
INTERNAL_RIP_SAP whether you want mars_nwe to provide rip/sap routing.
SHADOW_PWD whether you use shadow passwords or not.
Oi proka8orismenes times 8a einai pi8anotata swstes alla 8a prepei
na tis elegjete etsi kai alliws.
Otan teleiwsete me ayto gracte:
# make
# make install
8a xtisoyme toys diakomistes kai 8a toys egkatasthsoyme ston
katallhlo katalogo. To script egkatastashs egka8ista akomh kai to
arxeio ru8mishs. /etc/nwserv.conf.
Ry8miste ton diakomisth.
Oi ry8miseis einai arketa aples. Xreiazetai na dior8wsete to
arxeio /etc/nwserv.conf. H morfh toy arxeioy aytou mporei na
moiazei sth arxh periergh, alla einai arketa aploikh. To arxeio
periexei ena ari8mo apo antikeimena ru8mishs ths mias grammhs. H
ka8e grammh einai xrhsimopoiei ton keno xarakthra ws to
diaxwristiko twn pediwn ths kai jekina me ena ari8mo poy deixnei
ta periexomena ths grammhs. Oloi oi xarakthres poy akoloy8oun
to '#' xarakthra 8ewrountai sxolia kai agnoountai.
O Martin parexei sto paketo toy ena paradeigma ru8mishs arxeioy,
alla 8a sas paroysiasw poio nomizw oti einai to pio aplo
paradeigma gia na sas dwsw mia enallaktikh lush.
# VOLUMES (max. 5)
# Only the SYS volume is compulsory. The directory containing the SYS
# volume must contain the directories: LOGIN, PUBLIC, SYSTEM, MAIL.
# The 'i' option ignores case.
# The 'k' option converts all filenames in NCP requests to lowercase.
# The 'm' option marks the volume as removable (useful for cdroms etc.)
# The 'r' option set the volume to read-only.
# The 'o' option indicates the volume is a single mounted filesystem.
# The 'P' option allows commands to be used as files.
# The 'O' option allows use of the OS/2 namespace
# The 'N' option allows use of the NFS namespace
# The default is upper case.
# Syntax:
# 1 <Volumename> <Volumepath> <Options>
1 SYS /home/netware/SYS/ # SYS
1 DATA /home/netware/DATA/ k # DATA
1 CDROM /cdrom kmr # CDROM
# SERVER NAME
# If not set then the linux hostname will be converted to upper case
# and used. This is optional, the hostname will be used if this is not
# configured.
# Syntax:
# 2 <Servername>
2 LINUX_FS01
# INTERNAL NETWORK ADDRESS
# The Internal IPX Network Address is a feature that simplifies IPX routing
# for multihomed hosts (hosts that have ports on more than one IPX network).
# Syntax:
# 3 <Internal Network Address> [<Node Number>]
# or:
# 3 auto
#
# If you use 'auto' then your host IP address will be used. NOTE: this may
# be dangerous, please be sure you pick a number unique to your network.
# Addresses are 4byte hexadecimal (the leading 0x is required).
3 0x49a01010 1
# NETWORK DEVICE(S)
# This entry configures your IPX network. If you already have your
# IPX network configured then you do not need this. This is the same as
# using ipx_configure/ipx_interface before you start the server.
# Syntax:
# 4 <IPX Network Number> <device_name> <frametype> [<ticks>]
# Frame types: ethernet_ii, 802.2, 802.3, SNAP
4 0x39a01010 eth0 802.3 1
# SAVE IPX ROUTES AFTER SERVER IS DOWNED
# Syntax:
# 5 <flag>
# 0 = don't save routes, 1 = do save routes
5 0
# NETWARE VERSION
# Syntax:
# 6 <version>
# 0 = 2.15, 1 = 3.11
6 1
# PASSWORD HANDLING
# Real Novell DOS clients support a feature which encypts your
# password when changing it. You can select whether you want your
# mars server to support this feature or not.
# Syntax
# 7 <flag>
# <flag> is:
# 0 to force password encryption. (Clients can't change password)
# 1 force password encryption, allow unencrypted password change.
# 7 allow non-encrypted password but no empty passwords.
# 8 allow non-encrypted password including empty passwords.
# 9 completely unencrypted passwords (doesn't work with OS/2)
7 1
# MINIMAL GID UID rights
# permissions used for attachments with no login. These permissions
# will be used for the files in your primary server attachment.
# Syntax:
# 10 <gid>
# 11 <uid>
# <gid> <uid> are from /etc/passwd, /etc/groups
10 200
11 201
# SUPERVISOR password
# May be removed after the server is started once. The server will
# encrypt this information into the bindery file after it is run.
# You should avoid using the 'root' user and instead use another
# account to administer the mars diakomisth arxeiwn.
#
# This entry is read and encrypted into the server bindery files, so
# it only needs to exist the first time you start the server to ensure
# that the password isn't stolen.
#
# Syntax:
# 12 <Supervisor-Login> <Unix username> [<password>]
12 SUPERVISOR terry secret
# USER ACCOUNTS
# This associates NetWare logins with unix accounts. Password are
# optional.
# Syntax:
13 <User Login> <Unix Username> [<password>]
13 MARTIN martin
13 TERRY terry
# LAZY SYSTEM ADMIN CONFIGURATION
# If you have a large numbers of users and could not be bothered using
# type 13 individual user mappings, you can automatically map mars_nwe
# logins to linux user names. BUT, there is currently no means of making
# use of the linux login password so all users configured this way are
# will use the single password supplied here. My recommendation is not
# to do this unless security is absolutely no concern to you.
# Syntax:
# 15 <flag> <common-password>
# <flag> is: 0 - don't automatically map users.
# 1 - do automatically map users not configured above.
# 99 - automatically map every user in this way.
15 0 duzzenmatta
# SANITY CHECKING
# mars_nwe will automatically ensure that certain directories exist if
# you set this flag.
# Syntax:
# 16 <flag>
# <flag> is 0 for no, don't, or 1 for yes, do.
16 0
# PRINT QUEUES
# This associates NetWare printers with unix printers. The queue
# directories must be created manually before printing is attempted.
# The queue directories are NOT lpd queues.
# Syntax:
# 21 <queue_name> <queue_directory> <unix_print_cmd>
21 EPSON SYS:/PRINT/EPSON lpr -h
21 LASER SYS:/PRINT/LASER lpr -Plaser
# DEBUG FLAGS
# These are not normally needed, but may be useful if are you debugging
# a problem.
# Syntax:
# <debug_item> <debug_flag>
#
# 100 = IPX KERNEL
# 101 = NWSERV
# 102 = NCPSERV
# 103 = NWCONN
# 104 = start NWCLIENT
# 105 = NWBIND
# 106 = NWROUTED
# 0 = disable debug, 1 = enable debug
100 0
101 0
102 0
103 0
104 0
105 0
106 0
# RUN NWSERV IN BACKGROUND AND USE LOGFILE
# Syntax:
# 200 <flag>
# 0 = run NWSERV in foreground and don't use logfile
# 1 = run NWSERV in background and use logfile
200 1
# LOGFILE NAME
# Syntax:
# 201 <logfile>
201 /tmp/nw.log
# APPEND LOG OR OVERWRITE
# Syntax:
# 202 <flag>
# 0 = append to existing logfile
# 1 = overwrite existing logfile
202 1
# SERVER DOWN TIME
# This item sets the time after a SERVER DOWN is issued that the
# server really goes down.
# Syntax:
# 210 <time>
# in seconds. (defaults 10)
210 10
# ROUTING BROADCAST INTERVAL
# The time is seconds between server broadcasts
# Syntax:
# 211 <time>
# in seconds. (defaults 60)
211 60
# ROUTING LOGGING INTERVAL
# Set how many broadcasts take place before logging of routing
# information occurs.
# Syntax:
# 300 <number>
300 5
# ROUTING LOGFILE
# Set the name of the routing logfile
# Syntax:
# 301 <filename>
301 /tmp/nw.routes
# ROUTING APPEND/OVERWRITE
# Set whether you want to append to an existing log file or
# overwrite it.
# Syntax:
# 302 <flag>
# <flag> is 0 for append, 1 for create/overwrite
302 1
# WATCHDOG TIMING
# Set the timing for watchdog messages that ensure the network is
# still alive.
# Syntax:
# 310 <value>
# <value> = 0 - always send watchdogs
# < 0 - (-ve) for disable watchdogs
# > 0 - send watchdogs when network traffic
# drops below 'n' ticks
310 7
# STATION FILE
# Set the filename for the stations file which determine which
# machines this diakomisth arxeiwn will act as the primary diakomisth arxeiwn for.
# The syntax of this file is described in the 'examples' directory
# of the source code.
# Syntax:
# 400 <filename>
400 /etc/nwserv.stations
# GET NEAREST FILESERVER HANDLING
# Set how SAP Get Nearest Fileserver Requests are handled.
# Syntax:
# 401 <flag>
# <flag> is: 0 - disable 'Get Nearest Fileserver' requests.
# 1 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be excluded.
# 2 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be included.
401 2
Ekkinhsh toy diakomisth
. An exete ry8misei to diakomisth sas na perimenei ejwterika
programmata gia na ry8misei to diktyo sas kai/h gia na parexei
tis leitoyrgies dromologhshs tote 8a prepei na ta jekinhsete
prin jekinhsete ton diakomisth. Ypo8etontas pws exete ry8misei
to diakomisth etsi wste na ry8misei ta interfaces gia sas kai na
parexei tis leitoyrgies dromologhshs poy xreiazeste, apla dwste
th entolh:
# nwserv
Elegxos toy diakomisth
. Gia na elegjete ton diakomisth 8a prepei prwta na epixeirhsete
na synde8eite kai na kanete login apo ena NetWare pelath toy
diktuoy sas. Meta 8a prepei na kanete ena CAPTURE apo ton pelath
kai na epixeirhsete mia ektupwsh. An kai ta dyo einai
epityxhmena tote o diakomisths leitoyrgei.
9.2. To paketo lwared .
O Ales Dryak <A.Dryak@sh.cvut.cz> dhmiourghse to lwared gia na
epitrecei sto Linux na leitoyrgei ws enas NCP diakomisths arxeiwn.
O Ales exei onomasei to paketo lwared, mia syntomografia gia to
LinWare Daemon.
9.2.1. Dynatothtes toy lwared .
O diakomisths lwared einai ikanos na parexei ena yposunolo yphresiwn
toy plhroys Novell NCP. Enswmatwnei thn yphresia mhnymatwn alla den
parexei kamia yphresia ektupwshs. Pros to paron de synergazetai swsta
me pelates Windows95 h Windows NT. O diakomisths lwared basizetai se
ejwterika programmata gia na dhmioyrghsei kai na enhmerwsei toys
pinakes dromologhshs IPX kai SAP.
Pelates me kakh leitoyrgia mporei na prokalesoyn th diakoph ths
leitoyrgias toy diakomisth. Oi yphresies metafrasews twn onomatwn twn
arxeiwn den exoyn symperilhf8ei akoma.
O diakomisths den leitoyrgei gia ta kelufh NETX kai VLM .
9.2.2. Apoktwntas to lwared
To lwared paketo mporei na xtistei an exete pyrhna newtero apo ton
1.2.0. Sas synistw na xrhsimopoihsete th ekdosh 1.2.13 afou etsi den
apaiteitai kamia dior8wsh/ mpalwma toy pyrhna (kernel patch). Kapoies
apo tis leitoyrgies toy IPX exoyn allajei me toys pyrhnes ekdoshs
1.3.* kai ayto shmainei oti apaitountai twra dior8wseis gia na
leitoyrghsei kanonika. Katallhla mpalwmata (patches)
symperilambanontai gia toys neoys pyrhnes, kai ara akoma kai an prepei
na xrhsimopoihsete ena alpha pyrhna, prepei kai pali na mporeite na
kanete to lwared na leitoyrgei kanonika.
Mporeite na katebasete to paketo lwared xrhsimopoiwntas anwnymo ftp
apo to: klokan.sh.cvut.cz <ftp://klokan.sh.cvut.cz/pub/linux/linware/>
h apo to :
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/daemons> h mirror
sites. H prosfath ekdosh thn wra toy gracimatos einai:
lwared-0.95.tar.gz
9.2.3. Xtisimo toy lwared
Kante Untar to paketo lwared
Kati san:
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvpfz lwared-0.95.tar.gz
Dhmioyrghste ena pyrhna me yposthrijh Ethernet kai IPX
An xrhsimopoieite enan pyrhna alpha 1.3.* , tote prepei na
dokimasete na xrhsimopoihsete ton pyrhna ekdoshs 1.3.17 h
newterh giati ta parexomena mpalwmata xtisthkan gia ayton. Oi
pyrhnes 1.3.* poy einai palioteroi apo to 1.3.17 8a apaithsoyn
xeirokinhtes dior8wseis gia na egkatasta8oun. ( kapoies
plhrofories gia pws ginetai ayto symperilambanontai sto arxeio
INSTALL toy paketoy.). Gia na egkatasthsete ta mpalwmata se
pyrhna 1.3.17 h newtero, dokimaste:
# make patch
Afou efarmosoyme ta mpalwmata, an xreiazetai, to epomeno pragma poy
8a prepei na ginei einai na bebaiw8eite pws o pyrhnas sas exei
xtistei me dynatothtes yposthrijhs IPX. Se pyrhna ekdoshs 1.2.13
xreiazetai mono na sigoyrecete pws exete apanthsei
Y sth erwthsh: 'The IPX protocol' opws deixnei parakatw:
...
...
Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [y]
Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [n]
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
*
* SCSI support
...
...
Stoys newteroys pyrhnes efarmozetai mia paromoia diadikasia alla to
ka8eayto keimeno ths erwthshs mporei na exei ligo allajei.
8a xreiastei epishs na sigoyrecete pws symperilabate enan katallhlo
odhgo gia thn Ethernet karta sas. An den gnwrizete pws na kanete
ayto tote prepei na diabasete to Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Proxwrhste sto xtisimo toy pyrhna sas. Mhn jexasete na trejete to
lilo gia na ton egkatasthsete otan teleiwsete.
Metaglwttiste kai egkatasthste lwared.
Gia na metaglwttisete to lwared prepei prwta na elegjete kai na
dior8wsete, an xreiastei, to arxeioserver/config.h. Ayto to
arxeio periexei diafores ry8miseis poy 8a ka8orisoyn thn
symperifora toy diakomisth sas. Oi proka8orismenes times einai
logikes, parolo poy isws 8elhsete na elegjete oti oi
kataxwrhseis gia toys katalogoys twn log arxeiwn sas, tairiazoyn
sto susthma sas.
# make depend
# make
# make install
Parathrhsa pws to 'make depend' parapone8hke pws den briskei to
arxeio float.h sto susthma moy, alla telika leitourghse. Akomh
anakalyca pws otan ekana metaglwttish me gcc 2.6.3 eprepe na
allajw th grammh:
#include <net/route.h>
se
#include <net/if_route.h>
sto lib/ipxkern.c ka8ws ayto to arxeio metonomasthke kapoia
stigmh.
To 'make install' 8a prospa8hsei na egkatasthsei to diakomisth kai
toys daimones dromologhshs ston katalogo /usr/sbin, to programma
lwpasswd ston katalogo /usr/bin, tis efarmoges gia IPX ston
katalogo /sbin kai telos, tis selides boh8eias ston katalogo
/usr/man. An kapoies apo aytes tis topo8esies den antapokrinontai
sto susthma sas, 8a prepei na dior8wsete to sxetiko Makefile kai na
allajete toys katalogoys proorismou opws sas boleuei.
9.2.4. Ru8mish kai xrhsh toy lwared
Kai twra to diaskedastiko meros!
Ru8mish toy diktuoy IPX
To prwto pragma poy prepei na kanete einai na ry8misete ta
Ethernet interfaces gia na yposthrijoyn ta IPX diktya poy o
diakomisths sas 8a yposthrijei. Gia na to kanete 8a prepei na
gnwrizete tis IPX diey8unseis diktuoy gia ka8e ena apo ta
tmhmata (segments) toy LAN, poia syskeyh Ethernet (eth0, eth1
klp.) einai se poio tmhma, ti tupoy prwtokollo paketwn (802.3,
EtherII etc.) xrhsimopoieitai se ka8e tmhma toy LAN kai poia
eswterikh dieu8ynsh diktuoy 8a prepei na exei o diakomisths sas
(ayto xreiazetai mono an o diakomisths sas ejyphretei
perissotera apo ena tmhmata LAN).
Mia ru8mish gia ton diakomisth brisketai se duo paromoia tmhmata
me IPX diey8unseis diktuoy 23a91300 kai 23a91301 kai eswterikh
dieu8ynsh diktuoy bdefaced, isws na moiazei me:
# ipx_internal_net add BDEFACED 1
# ipx_interface add eth0 802.3 23a91300
# ipx_interface add eth1 etherii 23a91301
3ekinhste toys daimones dromologhshs (routing daemons)
O idios o pyrhnas prow8ei to IPX paketo (IPX forwarding) opws
kai gia to IP, alla apaitei pros8eta programmata gia na
diaxeiristei tis enhmerwseis toy pinaka dromologhshs. Sthn
periptwsh toy IPX xreiazontai duo daimones kai oi duo parexontai
me lwared: To ipxripd diaxeirizetai tis plhrofories dromologhshs
toy IPX kai to ipxsapd diaxeirizetai tis SAP plhrofories. Gia
na jekinhsete toys daimones poy xreiazeste, ka8oriste mono to
xwro poy 8a apo8hkeuoyn ta log mhnumata toys :
# ipxripd /var/adm/ipxrip
# ipxsapd /var/adm/ipxsap
Ry8miste ton lwared diakomisth
. Yparxoyn dyo arxeia poy prepei na ry8misete xeirokinhta gia
na epitrecete to login xrhstwn ston lwared diakomisth. Ayta
einai ta:
/etc/lwpasswd
. Edw fylassontai oi plhrofories gia toys logariasmous twn
xrhstwn toy LinWare. To programma lwpasswd xrhsimeuei gia na
to krata enhmero. Sthn aplousterh toy morfh, to arxeio
/etc/lwpasswd moiazei ws ejhs:
ales:
terryd:
guest:
To format toy einai mia aplh lista apo login id poy akoloy8oun
tai apo ena ':' xarakthra kai meta th kwdikopoihmenh ekdosh toy
kwdikou eisodoy sto susthma (login password). Merika shmantika
8emata einai ta ejhs:
No encrypted password shmainei kanena kwdiko (password), oi
xrhstes toy LinWare prepei na exoyn logariasmo sto Linux
(account), dhladh ka8e xrhsths poy prosti8etai sto /etc/lwpasswd
prepei na emfanizetai epishs kai sto /etc/passwd kai root einai
o monos logariasmos poy mporei na allajei ton kwdiko enos alloy
xrhsth LinWare. An exete mpei san root mporeite na allajete ton
kwdiko enos alloy toy xrhsth toy LinWare ws ejhs:
# lwpasswd rodg
Changing password for RODG
Enter new password:
Re-type new password:
Password changed.
/etc/lwvtab
Ayto einai to volume table toy Linware kai apo8hkeuoyn
plhrofories gia to poioi katalogoi prepei na einai dia8esimoi
stoys xrhstes toy LinWare (ayto to arxeio einai paromoio apo
th fush toy me to NFS arxeio /etc/exports). Ena aplo
paradeigma toy format toy einai ayto poy akoloy8ei:
SYS /lwfs/sys
DATA /lwfs/data
HOME /home
Ayto to format einai aplo: Onoma Volume poy akoloy8eitai apo
keno (whitespace) kai meta akoloy8ei o katalogos Linux poy 8a
ginei export. Prepei na exete toylaxiston mia kataxwrish gia to
volume SYS gia na jekinhsei o diakomisths. An 8elete oi xrhstes
DOS na mporoun na xrhsimopoioun to LinWare diakomisth san kurio
diakomisth, tote prepei na egkatasthsete mia stantar domh katal
ogoy SYS volume katw apo ton katalogo poy kanete export san to
SYS volume. Mia kai ayta ta arxeia exoyn pneymatika dikaiwmata
kai anhkoyn sth etaireia Novell, 8a prepei na exete adeia gia
ayta. An oi xrhstes sas xrhsimopoioun Novell file diakomisth
san kurio diakomisth, tote to parapanw den einai aparaithto.
3ekinhste ton diakomisth lwared.
Idou!
# lwared
Einai sxedon apogohteytiko, etsi den einai; Entajei, exete kati na
rwthsete, etsi den einai; Poio einai to onoma toy diakomisth arx
eiwn to opoio diafhmizetai; An jekinhsate to diakomisth, opws sas
eipa, tote to onoma toy diakomisth LinWare poy diafhmizetai 8a
basizetai se o,ti epistrefetai apo to hostname toy Linux. An
8elete na einai kati allo, tote mporeite na onomasete to
diakomisth otan ton jekinate p.x.:
# lwared -nlinux00
8a jekinhsei to diakomisth me onoma linux00.
Elegjte to diakomisth lwared .
To prwto pragma poy prepei na elegjete einai an o diakomisths
LinWare emfanizetai se ena slist apo ena DOS client sto diktyo
sas. To programma slist einai apo8hkeymeno sto SYS volume enos
Novell fileserver kai etsi prepei na to kanete apo mhxanhma poy
einai hdh mesa sto diktyo. An den petuxei, tote bebaiw8eite oti
trexoyn ta ipxsapd kai lwared. An to slist petuxei, tote prepei
na dokimasete na kanete attach sto diakomisth kai na kanete map
ena volume:
C:> attach linux00/ales
...
...
C:> map l:=linux00/data:
C:> l:
Prepei na eiste se 8esh na xeiris8eite to neo map opws kai
opoiodhpote allo map. Ta permissions toy arxeioy poy 8a exete 8a
einai basismena se ayta poy epitrepontai sto logariasmo linux poy
trexei parallhla me to LinWare login.
10. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena Novell Print Client.
To paketo ncpfs perilambanei dyo mikra programmata poy sas epitrepoyn
na xeiris8eite tis ektypwseis apo to mhxanhma Linux se ena
prosarthmeno ektypwth sto Novell diakomisth ektypwsewn (print server).
H entolh nprint sas epitrepei na ektypwsete se ena arxeio sthn NetWare
print queue. H entolh pqlist sas epitrepei na deite th lista twn
dia8esimwn oyrwn ektupwshs se ena NetWare diakomisth.
Gia na apokthsete kai na egkatasthsete aytes tis entoles, apla
akoloy8hste tis odhgies sxetika me ton NCP pelath poy perigrafthke
nwritera.
Kai oi dyo entoles apaitoun na dwsete username kai password, etsi
logika mporei na skefteite na ftiajete merika shell scripts gia na
kanete eykoloterh th diadikasia ths ektupwshs.
Ena paradeigma :
# pqlist -S ACCT_FS01 -U guest -n
# nprint -S ACCT_FS01 -q LASER -U guest -n filename.txt
H suntajh toy login einai paromoia me thn entolh ncpmount. Ta
parapanw paradeigmata ypo8etoyn oti o fileserver ACCT_FS01 exei ena
logariasmo guest xwris kwdiko (password), oti yparxei mia oyra
ektupwshs onomazomenh LASER kai oti o guest epitrepetai na typwsei se
ayth.
11. Ry8mizontas to Linux mhxanhma san ena Novell Diakomisth Ektyp
wsewn.
Ena programma poy epitrepei sto Linux mhxanhma sas na symperiferetai
san diakomisths ektypwsewn sto diktyo Netware symperilambanete sto
paketo ncpfs>. Gia odhgies sxetika me to pws na to apokthsete kai na
to xtisete, akoloy8hste tis odhgies toy parapanw tmhmatos `Netware
client'.
11.1. Proapaitoumena
H ru8mish ginetai apey8eias alla basizetai sto oti exete oloklhrwsei
th ru8mish toy ektypwth kai doyleuei katw apo to Linux. Ayto
kaluptetai se kapoio ba8os sto Printing-HOWTO <Printing-HOWTO.html>.
11.2. Ry8miseis
Otan exete mia ru8mish ektypwth poy doyleuei, kai exete dhmioyrghsei
kai egkatasthsei th boh8htikh efarmogh pserver , tote xreiazetai na
pros8esete tis entoles mesa sta arxeia rc gia na to jekinhsete.
To poia akribws entolh 8a xrhsimopoihsete, ejartatai apo to pws
akribws 8elete na leitoyrghsei, alla sto pio aplh toy morfh kati san
to akoloy8o 8a leitoyrghsei:
# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET
Ayto to paradeigma rwta th boh8htikh efarmogh pserver na kanei login
sto diakomisth arxeiwn ACCT_01 me onoma xrhsth LASER kai kwdiko secret
kai na parei tis ergasies apo thn oyra ektypwsewn LASERJET . Otan lam
banetai mia eiserxomenh ergasia ektupwshs, 8a xrhsimopoih8ei h
ka8orismenh entolh ektupwshs lpr gia na trofodothsei thn ergasia
ektupwshs sto Linux daimona ektypwsewn.
Mporeite an 8elete na xrhsimopoihsete opoiadhpote entolh Linux gia na
dextei kai na ektypwsei thn ergasia ektupwshs. H parametros -c sas
epitrepei na ka8orisete akribws thn entolh ektupwshs. Gia paradeigma
:
# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET -c "lpr -Plaserjet"
8a exei akribws to idio apotelesma me to prohgoumeno paradeigma me th
monh diafora oti 8a steilei thn ergasia ektupwshs sth ru8mish laserjet
printcap anti gia thn proka8orismenh.
12. Mia epi8ewrhsh twn ncpfs entolwn xrhstwn kai diaxeirishs
Prosfates ekdoseis toy paketoy ncpfs toy Volker perilambanoyn ena
megalo euros entolwn xrhstwn kai diaxeirishs poy mporei na sas fanoun
xrhsimes. Ta ergaleia exoyn dhmioyrgh8ei kai egkatasta8ei san meros
ths diadikasias egkatastashs toy ncpfs , etsi an den to exete hdh
kanei, akoloy8hste tis odhgies poy yparxoyn sto parapanw tmhma toy
Novell Client gia na ta dhmioyrghsete kai na ta egkatasthsete.
Leptomerhs plhrofories einai dia8esimes stis dosmenes man selides alla
akoloy8ei mia suntomh perilhch twn entolwn :
12.1. Entoles xrhstwn.
ncopy
Network Copy - epitrepei thn apotelesmatikh antigrafh arxeiwn na
ektelestei apo mia leitoyrgia toy Netware anti gia mia aplh
antigrafh mesw diktuoy.
nprint
Network Print - sas epitrepei na typwsete ena arxeio sthn
Netware oyra ektypwsewn se ena Netware diakomisth.
nsend
Network Send -sas epitrepei na steilete mhnumata se alloys
xrhstes se ena Netware diakomisth.
nwbols
List Bindery Objects - sas epitrepei na deite th lista twn
bindery periexomenwn enos Netware diakomisth.
nwboprops
List Properties of a Bindery Object - sas epitrepei na deite tis
idiothtes enos Netware bindery antikeimenoy.
nwbpset
Set Bindery Property - sas epitrepei na 8esete tis idiothtes
enos Netware bindery antikeimenoy.
nwbpvalues
Print Netware Bindery Objects Property Contents - sas epitrepei
na ektypwsete ta periexomena mias Netware bindery idiothtas.
nwfsinfo
Fileserver Information - typwnei merikes perilhptikes
plhrofories gia to Netware diakomisth.
nwpasswd
Netware Password - sas epitrepei na allajete ena kwdiko xrhsth
netware.
nwrights
Netware Rights - emfanizei ta dikaiwmata poy sysxetizontai me
ena sygkekrimeno arxeio h katalogo.
nwuserlist
Userlist - emfanizei toys xrhstes poy einai ekeinh th stigmh
mesa ston diakomisth arxeiwn Netware (logged in).
pqlist
Print Queue List - emfanizei ta periexomena mias oyras
ektypwsewn Netware.
slist
Server List - emfanizei th lista twn gnwstwn diakomistwn arxeiwn
Netware.
12.2. Ergaleia Diaxeirishs.
nwbocreate
Create a Bindery Object - sas epitrepei na dhmioyrghsete ena
Netware bindery antikeimeno.
nwborm
Remove Bindery Object - sas epitrepei na sbhsete ena Netware
bindery antikeimeno.
nwbpadd
Add Bindery Property - sas epitrepei na 8esete thn timh mias
yparxoysas idiothtas enos Netware bindery antikeimenoy.
nwbpcreate
Create Bindery Property - sas epitrepei na dhmioyrghsete mia nea
idiothta gia ena yparxon Netware bindery antikeimeno.
nwbprm
Remove Bindery Property - sas epitrepei na afairesete mia
idiothta apo ena Netware bindery antikeimeno.
nwgrant
Grant Trustee Rights - sas epitrepei na 8esete dikaiwmata
diaxeiristh se enan katalogo sto Netware fileserver.
nwrevoke
Revoke Trustee Rights - sas epitrepei na afairesete ta
dikaiwmata diaxeiristh apo enan katalogo ston Netware diakomisth
arxeiwn.
13. Ry8mizontas to PPP gia yposthrijh IPX .
Oi nees ekdoseis toy pppd PPP daimona gia to Linux exoyn yposthrijh
poy sas epitrepei na metaferete IPX paketa mesw mias seiriakhs
sundeshs PPP. Xreiazeste toylaxiston thn ekdosh ppp-2.2.0d toy
daimona. Deite to PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html> gia leptomereies sxetikes
me to poy 8a to breite. Otan metaglwttizete to pppd prepei na
sigoyrecete oti energopoihsate thn yposthrijh IPX pros8etontas tis dyo
akoloy8es grammes:
IPX_CHANGE = 1
USE_MS_DNS = 1
sto arxeio : /usr/src/linux/pppd-2.2.0f/pppd/Makefile.linux.
To IPX_CHANGE einai o,ti ry8mizei h yposthrijh IPX sto PPP. To
USE_MS_DNS epitrepei se mhxanes me Microsoft Windows95 na kanoyn Name
Lookups.
To pragmatiko kolpo gia na to kanoyme na doylecei einai na gnwrizoyme
pws na to ry8misoyme.
Yparxoyn polloi tropoi na to kanoyme ayto, alla 8a perigracw mono ta
dyo gia ta opoia exw parei plhrofories. Den exw dokimasei kanenan apo
toys duo akomh, gi' ayto 8ewrhste ayto to stadio peiramatiko, kai an
leitoyrghsei kati, parakalw enhmerwste me.
13.1. Ry8mizontas ena IPX/PPP diakomisth.
To prwto pragma poy prepei na kanete einai na ry8misete to Linux
mhxanhma san ena IP/PPP diakomisth. Mhn panikoballeste! Den einai
duskolo. Akoloy8eiste pali tis odhgies sto PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html>
kai de 8a exete problhma. 1/4tan teleiwsete me ayto, yparxoyn
orismenes aples tropopoihseis poy prepei na kanete gia na leitoyrghsei
to IPX panw sthn idia ru8mish.
13.1.1. Prwta bhmata.
Ena apo ta prwta bhmata poy prepei na akoloy8hsete einai na ry8misete
to Linux mhxanhma san IPX dromologhth (router) opws perigrafthke sto
katallhlo tmhma nwritera se ayto to keimeno. Den einai anagkh na
xrhsimopoihsete th entolh ipx_route gia to ppp interface giati to
pppd 8a ta ry8misei ayta gia sas opws kanei kai gia to IP. Otan trexei
o ipxd daimonas, anixneuei aytomata ka8e neo IPX interface kai
metabibazei tis diadromes toys. Me ayto to tropo ta dialup hosts 8a
fainontai apo alla mhxanhmata aytomata me th sundesh toys.
13.1.2. Sxediasmos.
Otan trexete sa diakomisths, logika 8a einai dikh sas ey8unh na dwsete
diey8unseis diktuoy se ka8e PPP edraiwmenh sundesh. Ayto einai ena
shmantiko shmeio, ka8e PPP sundesh 8a einai ena IPX diktyo kai 8a exei
mia monadikh dieu8ynsh diktuoy IPX. Ayto shmainei oti prepei na
apofasisete pws 8a dianeimete tis diey8unseis kai poies 8a einai. Enas
aplos tropos einai na dianeimete mia dieu8ynsh toy IPX diktuoy se ka8e
seiriakh syskeyh poy 8a yposthrizei IPX/PPP. Mporeite na dianeimete
diey8unseis toy IPX diktuoy me bash to login id toy syndedemenoy
xrhsth, alla de blepw kapoion idiaitera kalo logo gia na to kanw ayto.
Ypo8etw oti ayto einai ayto poy exete kanei, kai oti 8a
xrhsimopoihsoyme dyo seiriakes syskeyes (modems). Oi diey8unseis poy
exw 8esei sto paradeigma einai:
Syskeyh Dieu8ynsh Diktuoy IPX
------ ---------------------
ttyS0 0xABCDEF00
ttyS1 0xABCDEF01
13.1.3. Ry8miste to pppd .
Ry8miste to arxeio /etc/ppp/options.ttyS0 opws akoloy8ei:
ipx-network 0xABCDEF00
ipx-node 2:0
ipxcp-accept-remote
kai to arxeio /etc/ppp/options.ttyS1 ws ejhs :
ipx-network 0xABCDEF01
ipx-node 3:0
ipxcp-accept-remote
Ayta 8a zhthsoyn apo to pppd na dia8esei sth sundesh tis katallhles
diey8unseis toy IPX diktuoy otan h sundesh exei edraiw8ei, na 8esei
ton ari8mo toy topikou komboy sto 2 h 3 kai 8a afhsoyn ton apomakrys
meno kombo (remote node) na gracei apo panw oti nomizei. Shmeiwste oti
ka8e dieu8ynsh einai dekaejadikos ari8mos kai oti to 0x einai
aparaithto sth arxh ths dieu8ynshs toy diktuoy, alla den apaiteitai
sth arxh ths dieu8ynshs toy komboy.
Yparxoyn alla merh opoy aytes oi plhrofories mporoun na ry8mistoun. An
exete mono ena dialin modem tote mia eggrafh (entry) mporei na paei
sto arxeio /etc/ppp/options. Enallaktika aytes oi plhrofories mporoun
na perasoyn sth grammh entolwn toy pppd.
13.1.4. Elegjete th ru8mish toy diakomisth.
Gia na elegjete th ru8mish 8a xreiasteite mia ru8mish pelath (client)
poy na jerete oti doyleuei sigoyra. Otan kapoios kalei, syndeetai
(logs in) kai to pppd jekina, 8a dia8esei th dieu8ynsh toy diktuoy, 8a
symboyleusei ton pelath toy ari8mou toy komboy toy diakomisth (server
node number) kai 8a diapragmateytei ton ari8mo toy komboy toy pelath.
Otan ayto exei teleiwsei, kai afou to ipxd exei anixneusei to neo
interface o pelaths 8a prepei na mporei na edraiwsei IPX syndeseis sta
apomakrysmena hosts.
13.2. Ry8mizontas ena IPX/PPP client.
Se mia ru8mish pelath, to an 8a ry8misete to Linux mhxanhma sas san
ena IPX dromologhth h oxi ejartatai apo to an exete ena topiko LAN poy
epi8ymeite na symperiferetai san enas IPX dromologhths gi' ayto. An
exete ena standalone mhxanhma poy syndeetai me ena IPX/PPP dialin
server tote den xreiazeste na trejete to ipxd, alla an exete ena LAN
kai epi8ymeite ola ta mhxanhmata sto LAN na xrhsimopoioun ton
dromologhth IPX/PPP, tote prepei na ry8misete kai na trejete to ipxd
opws perigracame. Ayth h ru8mish einai polu aplousterh giati den exete
na ry8misete pollaples seiriakes syskeyes.
13.2.1. Ry8mizontas to pppd
H aplousterh ru8mish einai ayth poy epitrepei sto diakomisth na
parexei oles tis plhrofories ru8mishs diktuoy IPX. Ayth h ru8mish 8a
einai symbath me th ru8mish toy diakomisth poy perigrafhke parapanw.
Pali prepei na pros8esete merikes epiloges sto arxeio /etc/ppp/options
, poy einai:
ipxcp-accept-network
ipxcp-accept-remote
ipxcp-accept-local
Aytes oi epiloges lene sto pppd na symperiferetai teleiws pa8htika kai
na dexetai apo to diakomisth oles tis leptomereies ru8mishs. 8a
mporousate na parexete edw default times gia toys servers poy den
parexoyn leptomereies, pros8etontas tis eggrafes (entries) gia ta ipx-
network kai ipx-node paromoia me to ru8mish toy diakomisth.
13.2.2. Testarontas ton IPX/PPP pelath.
Gia na testarete ton pelath 8a xreiastei na kalesete ena diakomisth
poy gnwrizete oti doyleuei. Afou ton exete kalesei kai to pppd trexei
8a prepei na blepete tis IPX leptomereies poy ry8misthkan sth syskeyh
ppp0 otan trexete th entolh ifconfig kai 8a prepei na mporeite na
xrhsimopoieite thn ncpmount.
Den eimai sigoyros gia to an 8a prepei na pros8esete h oxi
xeirokinhta tis IPX diadromes etsi wste na ftanete ton apomakrysmeno
fileserver. Einai polu pi8ano. An kapoios poy exei ayth th ru8mish
mporei na moy pei, 8a hmoyn eygnwmwn.
14. IPX tunnel enanti IP
Polloi apo sas 8a eiste se katastash opoy exete dyo Novell Local Area
Netorks mono me mia IP sundesh metaju toys. Pws paizoyme to
multiplayer deathmatch DOOM gia to DOS me ayth th diatajh pi8ana na
rwthsete; O Andreas Godzina <ag@agsc.han.de> exei thn apanthsh gia sas
sth morfh toy ipxtunnel.
To ipxtunnel parexei mia dieykolynsh tupoy gefyras (bridge-like
facility) gia to IPX epitrepontas sta IPX paketa na einai
kwdikopoihmena me diagrammata tcp/ip etsi wste na mporoun na
metafer8oun mesw mias sundeshs tcp/ip. Perimenei gia IPX paketa kai
otan emfanistei ena to "tyligei" me ena diagramma tcp/ip kai to
dromologei se mia makrinh IP dieu8ynsh poy eseis ka8orizete. Gia na
leitoyrghsei ayto fysika, 8a prepei to mhxanhma poy dromologeite to
kwdikopoihmeno IPX na trexei epishs ena antigrafo ths idias ekdoshs
toy ipxtunnel opws eseis.
14.1. Apoktwntas to ipxtunnel
Mporeite na apokthsete to ipxtunnel apo to sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/daemons> h apo kapoio
mirror site.
14.2. Xtizontas to ipxtunnel
Extisa xwris problhma to ipxtunnel xrhsimopoiwntas tis akoloy8es
entoles:
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz .../ipxtunnel.tgz
# cd ipxtunnel
# make
14.3. Ry8mizontas to ipxtunnel
H ru8mish toy ipxtunnel einai aplh. As ypo8esoyme oti to mhxanhma twn
filwn sas einai to gau.somewhere.com kai to diko sas mhxanhma to
gim.sw.edu. To ipxtunnel xrhsimopoiei ena arxeio ry8misewn poy legetai
/etc/ipxtunnel.conf. Ayto to arxeio sas epitrepei na ka8orisete to
default UDP port poy 8a xrhsimopoieite gia th tcp/ip sundesh, pou 8a
steilete tis kwdikopoihmenes plhrofories kai poio apo ta topika
interfaces toy ipxtunnel 8a prepei na akouei kai na perimenei na
paradwsei ta paketa IPX.
Ena aplo arxeio ry8misewn 8a moiazei me to akoloy8o:
#
# /etc/ipxtunnel.conf for gim.sw.edu
#
# The UDP port to use: (default 7666)
port 7777
#
# The remote machine to send IPX packets to: (no default)
remote gau.somewhere.com
#
# The local interfaces to listen for IPX on: (default eth0)
interface eth0
interface eth1
Profanws to allo mhxanhma 8a exei ena paromoio arxeio ry8misewn to
opoio 8a ka8orizei ayto to mhxanhma san ena remote host.
14.4. Elegxontas kai ry8mizontas to ipxtunnel
To ipxtunnel symperiferetai san mia gefyra IPX, etsi wste ta diktya
IPX se opoiodhpote akro ths sundeshs 8a einai pi8ana ta idia. O
Andreas den exei elegjei pote to ipxtunnel se periballon to opoio
yposthrizei Novell file servers, etsi an to dokimasete se ena
pragmatiko periballon enhmerwste ton Andrea an leitoyrgei h oxi.
An to ipxtunnel leitoyrgei, mporeite na jekinhsete ta DOOM mhxanhmata
sas se ka8e akro ths sundeshs trexontas se IPX mode kai 8a prepei na
blepete o enas ton allo.
O Andreas exei xrhsimopoihsei ayton ton kwdika mono mesw kalwn,
grhgorwn grammwn kai den isxyrizetai tipota sxetika me thn apodosh toy
otan h sundesh einai kakhs poiothtas. Pali, enhmerwste ton ti
leitoyrgei gia sas kai ti oxi.
15. Emporikh yposthrijh IPX gia Linux.
15.1. To Network Desktop ths Caldera
H Caldera Inc., paragei mia Linux dianomh poy yposthrizei mia seira
apo emporika xarakthristika symperilambanomenoy ths plhrhs
leitoyrgikhs client yposthrijhs Novell NetWare. H basikh dianomh
einai h eyrews ektimwmenh dianomh Red Hat Linux kai h Caldera exei
pros8esei se ayto ta proionta "Network Desktop". H yposthrijh NetWare
parexei ena client me ola ta xarakthristika toy Novell NetWare client
basismeno sthn texnologia ths Novell Corporation me thn adeia ths. O
client parexei plhrh client prosbash stoys Novell 3.x kai 4.x
diakomistes arxeiwn kai perilambanei xarakthristika opws to NetWare
Directory Service (NDS) kai RSA encryption.
Mporeite na parete polles perissoteres plhrofories kai leptomereies
sxetika me paraggelies apo to: Caldera Inc Web Server
<http://www.caldera.com/>.
An doyleuete se periballon Netware 4.x kai/h se NDS tote to Caldera
Netware Client einai h monadikh dia8esimh lush.
An exete ena mia shmantikh efarmogh gia yposthrijh Novell gia to
Linux tote to proion ths Caldera prepei na einai kati poy prepei na to
ejetasete kala.
16. Orismenes syxnes erwthseis
Pou mporw na brw emporiko logismiko IPX gia Linux;
H etairia Caldera prosferei ena plhres yposthrigmeno Netware 3.x
kai 4.x client kai me plhrh adeia. Mporeite na parete
plhrofories gia ayto apo to Caldera Inc Web Server
<http://www.caldera.com/>.
To logismiko IPX leitoyrgei me Arcnet/Token Ring/klp.;
To logismiko gia IPX sto Linux leitoyrgei me ArcNet kai Token
Ring interfaces. Den exw akousei akomh kanenan na to exei
dokimasei me to AX.25. H ru8mish einai idia me ayth toy
ethernet ektos apo to oti prepei na antikatasthsete me katallhla
onomata syskeywn anti gia 'etho' kai katallhles diey8unseis
hardware opoy einai aparaithto.
Pws ry8mizw perissotera apo ena IPX interface;
An exete perissotera apo ena interface sto mhxanhma sas prepei
na xrhsimopoihsete th entolh ipx_interface gia na ry8misete
xeirokinhta to ka8ena, den prepei na xrhsimopoihsete th ru8mish
`plug n play'.
Pws epilegw IPX diey8unseis;
To IPX networking einai paromoio, alla oxi idio me to IP
networking. Mia megalh diafora einai o tropos me ton opoio
xrhsimopoiountai oi diey8unseis. To IPX den xrhsimopoiei thn
ennoia toy subnetworking kai etsi ta eidh twn sysxetisewn poy
exete metaju twn diey8unsewn toy diktuoy kai ta diktya einai
diaforetika. Oi kanones einai sxedon aploi:
· Ka8e dieu8ynsh IPX diktuoy prepei na einai monadikh se ena
diktyo megalhs perioxhs Ayto perilambanei diey8unseis eswterikou
diktuoy. Polloi organismoi poy xrhsimopoioun IPX se ena diktyo
megalhs perioxhs prepei na exoyn kapoio eidos protyphs
diey8ynsiodothshs poy prepei na akoloy8hsete.
· Ka8e dieu8ynsh toy host se ena atomiko diktyo prepei na einai
monadikh. Ayto shmainei oti ka8e host se ka8e IPX diktyo prepei
na exei mia monadika orismenh dieu8ynsh. Sthn periptwsh toy
diktuoy ethernet ayto den einai duskolo ka8ws ka8e karta exei
monadikh dieu8ynsh. Sth periptwsh toy IPX/PPP ayto shmainei oti
prepei na bebaiw8eite oti exete dia8esei monadikes diey8unseis
se oloys toys hosts sto diktyo, asxeta apo poio telos twn
syndesewn einai syndedemena. H dieu8ynsh toy host den xreiazetai
na einai monadikh se ena diktyo megalhs perioxhs ka8ws h
dieu8ynsh toy diktuoy xrhsimopoieitai se syndyasmo me th
dieu8ynsh toy host gia na anagnwrizei monadika ena host.
Ti einai ta frame types, poia na xrhsimopoihsw;
Yparxei mia poikilia apo frame types se xrhsh panw sta opoia
mporeite na trejete IPX. To pio synh8ismeno apo ayta
perigrafetai sto tmhma 'koinoi oroi' aytou toy keimenoy (katw
apo to `Frame Type entry').
An 8elete na egkatasthsete to mhxanhma sas se ena yparxwn diktyo
tote prepei na xrhsimopoihsete otidhpote einai hdh se xrhsh gia
na sas epitrecei na epikoinwnhsete me toys alloys hosts sto
diktyo, alla an h egkatastash einai se olokainoyrio diktyo
mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete opoiodhpote apo mia seira prwtokolla
gia na metaferei to IPX traffic. Sas synistw an ry8mizete ena
olokainoyrio diktyo kai an xreiazeste na metaferete kai ta dyo
IPX kai IP traffic na xrhsimopoihsete to yEthernet_II frame
type.
Ta Windows95 mhxanhmata moy mperdeuontai kata thn aytomath
anixneysh frame type;
Nai, profanws mporei na symbainei ayto. 8a mporousa na kanw
asxhma sxolia, alla anti gi' ayto 8a proteinw mono na
xrhsimopoihsete th xeirokinhth ru8mish frame type anti gia thn
aytomath. Pi8anotata einai o kaluteros tropos.
Giati moy bgainei to mhnyma 'invalid argument' otan ry8mizw to IPX;
To pi8anotero einai oti den trexete ena pyrhna poy yposthrizei
to IPX, etsi eite metaglwttiste jana ton pyrhna sas gia na to
yposthrizei, h elegjte dipla oti exete pragmati xrhsimopoihsei
to lilo gia na egkatasthsete kai na trejete to neo pyrhna.
Giati moy bgainei to mhnyma 'package not installed', otan ry8mizw
to IPX;
To pi8anotero einai oti den trexete ena pyrhna poy yposthrizei
to IPX, etsi eite metaglwttiste jana ton pyrhna sas gia na to
yposthrizei, h elegjte dipla oti exete pragmati xrhsimopoihsei
to lilo gia na egkatasthsete kai na trejete to neo pyrhna.
Giati moy bgainei to mhnyma 'IPX support not in kernel' apo to
pppd;
Exete pi8anotata metaglwttisei to IPX san ena module kai de
bebaiw8hkate oti htan fortwmeno prin jekinhsete to pppd.
Pws kanw NFS export ena mounted NCP filesystem;
Gia na xrhsimopoihsw to NFS gia na kanw export ena NCP susthma
arxeiwn prepei na to prosarthsete xrhsimopoiwntas thn epilogh
ncpmount -V. Ayth h epilogh sas epitrepei na prosarthsete mono
ena volume enos diakomisth arxeiwn anti ths synh8ismenhs
prosarthshs olwn. Otan to kanete ayto, o NFS daimonas 8a sas
epitrecei na kanete export ekeino to susthma arxeiwn me to
synh8ismeno tropo.
Giati de leitoyrgei to slist otan exw ena eswteriko diktyo me
mars_nwe;
Prepei na exete energopoihsei ton kontinotero diakomisth. Ayto
shmainei oti to entry 401 sto arxeio /etc/nwserv.conf, prepei na
einai 0 ektos an exete kapoio logo gia na mhn apantate gia na
breite toys kontinoteroys servers. An 8elete apla na kanete to
slist na doylecei kai na mhn apantate se ka8e aithsh poy dexeste
apo ton kontinotero diakomisth, symperilabete to eswteriko sas
diktyo kai ton ari8mo komboy sto arxeio /etc/nwserv.stations kai
8este to entry 401 sto arxeio /etc/nwserv.conf se 2.
To paketo ncpfs leitoyrgei me mars_nwe ;
O kwdikas twn Martin kai Volker arxizei siga siga na sygklinei.
Prosfates ekdoseis toy mars_nwe exoyn mia epilogh thn opoia
energopoieite gia na leitoyrghsei me to ncpfs. Prepei na
energopoihsete to WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS sto mars_nwe sto arxeio
config.h>.
Yparxei kanena dwrean logismiko gia DOS to opoio na leitoyrgei me
mars_nwe;
Mia epinohmenh erwthsh ajizei mia epinohmenh apanthsh. Xairomai
poy rwthsate, o Martin exei ena paketo to opoio dianemei
parapleyra me to paketo mars_nwe poy prosferei dwrean DOS client
yposthrijh gia to mars_nwe diakomisth. Mporeite na to breite
sta idia sites poy brhkate kai to diakomisth, kai 8a legetai
mars_dosutils-0.01.tgz. Perilambanei C phgaio kwdika gia
programmata opws ta slist.exe, login.exe, map.exe klp. O
kwdikas mporei na metaglwttistei me Borland(tm) C.
17. Pneymatika Dikaiwmata.
To IPX-HOWTO, enas odhgos gia thn yposthrijh toy IPX prwtokolloy gia
Linux. Copyright (c) 1995 Terry Dawson. Ayto to programma einai
dwrean logismiko. Mporeite na to dianeimete kai/h na to tropopoihsete
katw apo toys oroys toy General Public License opws ekdo8hke apo to
Free Software Foundation. Eite ths 2h ekdoshs ths Adeias, eite (sthn
epilogh sas) ka8e epomenhs ekdoshs. Ayto to programma dianemetai me
th elpida oti 8a einai xrhsimo, alla me kamia EGGYHSH. Xwris oute thn
yponooumenh egguhsh ths EMPOREYSIMOTHTAS h ARMODIOTHTHTAS GIA KAPOIO
SYGKEKRIMENO SKOPO. Deite thn GNU General Public adeia gia
perissoteres leptomereies. 8a prepei na exete parei ena antitypo ths
GNU General Public adeias me ayto to programma. An oxi, gracte sto:
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA.
18. Diafora kai Eyxaristies.
Oi David E. Storey <dave@tamos.gmu.edu> kai Volker Lendecke
<lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> boh8hsan polu parexontas moy plhrofories gia
ayto to keimeno. Oi Gilbert Callaghan <gilbert@pokey.inviso.com>,
David Higgins <dave@infra.com> kai Chad Robinson
<chadr@brtgate.brttech.com> proseferan plhrofories gia to pws na
ry8misoyme to IPX/PPP. O Bennie Venter <bjv@Gil-galad.paradigm-
sa.com> syneisfere dinontas merikes xrhsimes plhrofories sxetika me ta
frame types. O Christopher Wall <vergil@idir.net ekane merikes
xrhsimes protaseis gia na beltiwsoyme thn anagnwsimothta kai th domh
aytou toy keimenoy. O Axel Boldt <boldt@math.ucsb.edu> prosefere
orismenes xrhsimes protaseis kai feedback. O Erik D. Olson
<eriko@wrq.com> prosfere xrhsimo feedback kai plhrofories gia pws na
ry8misoyme to PPP gia IPX. O Brian King <root@brian.library.dal.ca>
edwse mia erwthsh gia to tmhma FAQ.
"NetWare" einai ena kataxwrhmeno trademark ths Novell Corporation
<http://www.novell.com/>. "Caldera" einai ena kataxwrhmeno trademark
ths Caldera Corporation <http://www.caldera.com/>.
xairetismoi Terry Dawson, VK2KTJ.
<terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>