RDF Test Cases

W3C Working Draft 29 April 2002

This Version:

http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-testcases-20020429

Latest Version:

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases

Previous Version:

http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-rdf-testcases-20011115

Editors:

Jan Grant, ILRT, University of Bristol <jan.grant@bristol.ac.uk>

Dave Beckett, ILRT, University of Bristol <dave.beckett@bristol.ac.uk>

Copyright ©2002 W3C^® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply.

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Abstract

This document describes the RDF Test Cases deliverable for the RDF Core Working Group as defined in the WG's Charter.

Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C.

This is a Working Draft of the RDF Core Working Group, for review by W3C members and other interested parties. This document has been produced as part of the Semantic Web Activity (Activity Statement), and may eventually be advanced toward W3C Recommendation status.

Being a Working Draft document, this specification may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. The test cases described and referred to in this document may also be updated, replaced or obsoleted at an any time. It is therefore inappropriate to use W3C Working Drafts as reference material or to cite them as other than "work in progress". A list of current W3C working drafts can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This draft document will be considered by the W3C and its members according to W3C process. This document is made public for the purpose of receiving comments that inform the W3C membership and staff on issues likely to affect the implementation, acceptance, and adoption of RDF.

Comments should be sent to www-rdf-comments@w3.org. This is the preferred method of providing feedback. Implementors are particularly encouraged to supply the results of running their toolsets against the test cases. Public comments and their responses can be accessed at http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/. Alternatively, if you do not wish your comments to be made public, you can send your comments to w3t-semweb-review@w3.org.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

One of the deliverables specified in Charter of the RDF Core Working Group is: a set of machine-processable test cases corresponding to technical issues addressed by the WG. This document describes the test cases that will (when the test cases are completed) fulfill that deliverable but it does not contain the test cases themselves. The test case are available at http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/.

The RDF Interest Group and other members of the RDF community have identified issues/ambiguities in the [RDFMS] Specification and the [RDFSchema] Candidate Recommendation. These issues have been collected and categorized in the RDF Core WG Issue Tracking document. The RDF Core Working Group uses this issue list to guide its work. The issues list is a working document; it is updated as new issues are identified. It is updated as the Working Group makes decisions as documented in the Attention Developers section of the document.

1.1. Scope

A comprehensive and complete test suite for RDF should cover all of the rules in the Formal Grammar for RDF. The Working Group, however, is not chartered to deliver such a test suite but rather to create test cases for the issues the Working Group addresses (when applicable). Although the Working Group will not create test cases for some grammar rules (e.g. rule [6.1]), if such test cases are donated to the W3C the Consortium may add such test cases to this set of test cases.

1.2. RDF Errata

The RDF Errata documents known errors in [RDFMS]. Since errata are considered normative changes to a W3C Specification and Working Group decisions are not normative until a specification is a W3C Recommendation, none of the decisions made by the RDF Core Working Group have (to date) been reflected in the errata.

2. Test Cases

The Test Case Repository is located at http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/. Each directory in the repository is devoted to a single issue. Most directories have a name that is identical to the related issue in the RDF Issue Tracking document. For example, the directory rdf-ns-prefix-confusion is identical to the rdf-ns-prefix-confusion issue. In the other cases, the directory does not have an associated issue in the issue list (e.g. amp-in-url). If a directory is empty, then no test cases have been created for the issue.

The Test Case Repository contains ZIP files of all Approved test cases in approved_20020429.zip (latest version) as well as Zip files of all Approved and Not Approved test cases in all_20020429.zip (latest version).

The file http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/Manifest.rdf contains a machine-readable manifest of the test cases. The Manifest.rdf format is described below.

2.1. Organization

The file http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/Manifest.rdf contains a machine-readable description of the test cases in RDF/XML. Care has been taken to ensure that the Manifest.rdf file follows a simple format to assist in machine-processing the test cases.

The file consists of a simple header (see http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/skeleton/manifestHead.rdf), individual descriptions of the test cases, and a closing footer (http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/skeleton/manifestTail.rdf).

The test cases are divided into the following categories:

Positive Parser Tests

these tests consist of one (or more) input documents in RDF/XML as is revised in [RDFXML]. The expected result is defined using the N-Triples syntax (Section 3). A parser is considered to pass the test if it produces a graph isomorphic with the graph described by the N-triples output document. Where the input document(s) are legal RDF/XML, but a warning may be generated, this is indicated in the test manifest.

<test:PositiveParserTest rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/test001">

   <test:issue rdf:resource="http://w3.example.org/rdf-tracking/#example1" />
   <test:status>APPROVED</test:status>
   <test:approval rdf:resource="http://rdfcore.example.org/archives/001.html" />
   <test:description>
	This is a simple positive parser test example.
   </test:description>

   <test:inputDocument>
      <test:RDF-XML-Document rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/test001.rdf" />
   </test:inputDocument>

   <test:outputDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/test001.nt" />
   </test:outputDocument>

   <test:warning>Some parsers may produce a warning when running this test</test:warning>

</test:PositiveParserTest>

Negative Parser Tests

These tests consist of one input document. The document is not legal RDF/XML. A parser is considered to pass the test if it correctly holds the input document to be in error.

<test:NegativeParserTest rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/error001">

   <test:issue rdf:resource="http://w3.example.org/rdf-tracking/#example1" />
   <test:status>APPROVED</test:status>

   <test:inputDocument>
      <test:RDF-XML-Document rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/error001.rdf" />
   </test:inputDocument>

</test:NegativeParserTest>

Positive Entailment Tests

These tests are specified by one or more premise documents (in RDF/XML or N-Triples) together with a single conclusion document. In addition, the rules used for determining entailment are specified by test:entailmentRules elements. If the following is present

 <test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" /> 

then the test succeeds if the entailment holds according to the rules of RDF-entailment as specified in [RDFMT]. If the following two elements are present

<test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" />
<test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" />

then the test succeeds if the entailment holds according to the rules of RDFS-entailment as specified in [RDFMT]. A premise document that contains a semantic error with respect to any constraints imposed by the entailment rules selected will cause this test to fail.

<test:PositiveEntailmentTest rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/rdfs-domain-and-range/conjunction-test">

   <test:description>
	This test demonstrates the conjunctive nature of range and domain.
   </test:description>

   <test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" />
   <test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" />

   <test:premiseDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/rdfs-domain-and-range/test001.nt" />
   </test:premiseDocument>

   <test:premiseDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/rdfs-domain-and-range/test002.nt" />
   </test:premiseDocument>

   <test:premiseDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/rdfs-domain-and-range/test003.nt" />
   </test:premiseDocument>

   <test:conclusionDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/rdfs-domain-and-range/test004.nt" />
   </test:conclusionDocument>

</test:PositiveEntailmentTest>

Negative Entailment Tests

These tests are specified in exactly the same fashion as the Positive Entailment Tests. The test is considered to be passed if the entailment indicated is NOT drawn using the rules of RDF-Entailment or RDFS-entailment, as above.

<test:NegativeEntailmentTest rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/statement-entailment/test001">

   <test:status>PENDING</test:status>
   <test:approval rdf:resource="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2002Feb/0476.html" />
   <test:description>
     RDF Core WG RESOLVED that a reified statement was a stating, not a statement.
     The following entailment does not, therefore, hold.
   </test:description>

   <test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" />
   <test:entailmentRules rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" />

   <test:premiseDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/statement-entailment/test001a.nt" />
   </test:premiseDocument>

   <test:conclusionDocument>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/statement-entailment/test001b.nt" />
   </test:conclusionDocument>

</test:NegativeEntailmentTest>

Miscellaneous Tests

This manifest entry is used to describe test cases that do not fall into one of the earlier categories. It may have several associated files, indicated in <test:document> elements.

<test:MiscellaneousTest rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/misc001">

   <test:status>PENDING</test:status>
   <test:description>
     A serializer asked to output the graph described in the test001
     document should raise an exception since it cannot be described using
     RDF/XML.
   </test:description>

   <test:document>
      <test:NT-Document rdf:about="http://w3.example.org/nonserializable/test001.nt" />
   </test:document>

</test:MiscellaneousTest>

In addition, each test case description may have the following common attributes:

• The test:issue element contains a pointer to the associated issue on the RDF Core WG Tracking document. It may appear zero or more times.

  <test:issue rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/03/rdf-tracking/#rdfs-no-cycles-in-subClassOf" />
  

• The test:status element, if present, indicates the status of the test according to RDF Core WG process. Only test descriptions containing the following should be considered to be approved by WG.

  <test:status>APPROVED</test:status>
  

• The test:approval element, if present, contains a reference to the minutes of the RDF Core WG meeting where the test case status was last changed.

   <test:approval rdf:resource="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2002Feb/0476.html" /> 

• The test:discussion element, if present, contains a pointer to other discussion surrounding this test case or the associated issue. This element may appear multiple times.

   <test:discussion rdf:resource="http://rdfcore.example.org/" /> 

• The test:description element, if present, contains a human-readable summary of the test case.

  <test:description>
  	Text describing the test case goes here.
  </test:description>
  

• The test:warning element, if present, indicates that while the test should pass, it may generate a warning. The contents of the element provide a human-readable description of the warning.

  <test:warning> Text describing the warning goes here. </test:warning>
  

2.2. Approved Test Cases

The test cases in the following table have been approved.

2.3. Test Cases Not Approved

The test case repository contains test cases that have not been approved. Such test cases are not enumerated in this document but a list of them is available at http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/allTestCases.html.

2.4. Running the test cases

The test case manifest format was deliberately chosen to be a simple, declarative description of the test cases. Parser tests can be run in conjunction with simple tools such as ntc[NTC]. A parser should pass all the positive parser tests, and reject all the negative parser tests. Tools like Euler have been used to run the entailment tests.

The test cases have been created to illustrate the resolution of particular issues on the RDF Issue Tracking list. Consequently, test case results should always be interpreted in conjunction with the resolution of the associated issue and the description (if any) attached to the test case in the manifest.

3. N-Triples

N-Triples is a line-based, plain text format for encoding an RDF graph. It was designed to be a fixed subset of N3[N3] [N3-Primer] and hence N3 tools such as cwm, n-triples2kif.pl and Euler can be used to read and process it. cwm can output this format when invoked as "cwm -ntriples".

It is recommended, but not required, that N-Triples content is stored in files with an '.nt' suffix to distinguish them from N3.

The Internet Media Type / MIME Type of N-Triples is text/plain and the character encoding is 7-bit US-ASCII.

NOTE: N-Triples is not an user RDF syntax - it is intended for RDF Core WG testing purposes and checking RDF applications for conformance with the specifications.

3.1. Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) Grammar

An N-Triples document is a sequence of US-ASCII characters and is defined by the ntripleDoc grammar term below. Parsing it results in a sequence of RDF statements formed from the subject, predicate and object terms. The meaning of these terms are defined in the [RDFMT] being developed as part of the RDF Core WG activity.

This EBNF is the notation used in XML 1.0 second edition

3.2 Strings

N-Triples strings are sequences of US-ASCII character productions encoding [Unicode] character strings. The characters outside the US-ASCII range are made available by \-escape sequences as follows:

This escaping satisfies the [[Charmod]] section Reference Processing Model on making the full Unicode character range U+0 to U+10FFFF available to applications and providing only one way to escape any character.

It is recommended but not required that the resulting Unicode character string be made available to applications in UTF-8 encoding.

3.3 URI References

URI references are sequences of US-ASCII character productions as defined in [RFC 2396] or must result in a URI reference after the standard escaping procedure is applied. The procedure is applied when passing the URI reference to a URI resolver. The standard escaping procedure is described in [RFC 2396] using UTF-8 as the character encoding.

Disallowed characters are represented in UTF-8 and then encoded using the %HH format, where HH is the byte value expressed using hexadecimal notation.

Characters above the US-ASCII range are made available by the \u or \U escapes as described in section Strings for ranges [#x80-#xFFFF] and [#x10000-#x10FFFF] respectively.

Characters [#x0-#x1F] and #x7F are forbidden in URI references.

3.4. Example

The following N-Triples file:

<http://www.w3.org/2001/08/rdf-test/>  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator>    "Dave Beckett" .
<http://www.w3.org/2001/08/rdf-test/>  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator>    "Jan Grant" .
<http://www.w3.org/2001/08/rdf-test/>  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher>  _:a .
_:a                                    <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>      "World Wide Web Consortium" .
_:a                                    <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source>     <http://www.w3.org/> .

represents the same RDF graph as the following RDF/XML:

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/08/rdf-test/">
    <dc:creator>Jan Grant</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Dave Beckett</dc:creator>
    <dc:publisher>
      <rdf:Description>
        <dc:title>World Wide Web Consortium</dc:title>
        <dc:source rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </dc:publisher>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

4 References

Normative References

[RDFMS]

Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification, O. Lassila and R. Swick, Editors, World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation. 22 February 1999. This version is http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-19990222. The latest version of RDF M&S is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax.

[RDFSchema]

Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification 1.0, Dan Brickley, R.V. Guha, Editors, World Wide Web Consortium Candidate Recommendation, 27 March 2000. This version is http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-rdf-schema-20000327/. The latest version of RDF Schema is http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/.

[Unicode]

The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0, Addison Wesley, Reading MA, 2000, ISBN: 0-201-61633-5. This document is http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/standard.html.

[Charmod]

Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0, M. Dürst, F. Yergeau, R. Ishida, M. Wolf, A. Freytag, T Texin, Editors, World Wide Web Consortium Working Draft, work in progress, 20 February 2002. This version of the Character Model is http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-charmod-20020220/. The latest version of the Character Model is at http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/.

[RDFMT]

RDF Model Theory, P. Hayes, Editor. World Wide Web Consortium, Working Draft, 14 February 2002. Work in progress. This version of the RDF Model Theory is http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-mt-20020214. The latest version of the RDF Model Theory is at http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/.

[RDFXML]

RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised), Dave Beckett, Editor, World Wide Web Consortium, Working Draft, 25 March 2002. Work in progress. This version of the RDF/XML Syntax is http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-syntax-grammar-20020325/. The latest version of the RDF/XML Syntax is at http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/.

[RFC 2396]

RFC 2396 - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding and L. Masinter, IETF, August 1998. This document is http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2396.txt.

Informative References

[N3]

Notation 3, Tim Berners-Lee

[N3-Primer]

Primer: Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3, Tim Berners-Lee

[NTC]

NTC: A simple N-Triples isomorphism test utility, Jan Grant

5 Acknowledgments (Informative)

Many thanks to Art Barstow (ex-W3C), former main editor of this document, for his sterling work on editing and managing the RDF test cases, which he had been doing well before the RDF Core WG started.

The following Working Group members have directly contributed to this document and/or contributed test cases.

Appendix A: Change Log (Informative)

Changes since http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-rdf-testcases-20011115/

Updated 3.3 URI References to allow Unicode characters in URIs

Merged Future Work into Open Issues

Test case list expanded and reorganized to reflect additional approved test cases

New section 2 describing organization of parser tests, the types of tests and examples of manifest format that describes them.

Updated editors, added thanks to Art Barstow.

Changed literal to be langString | xmlString

N-Triples remains an ASCII format for now - closed issue on UTF-8 encoding.

Update references to RDF Model Theory, Syntax WDs

Changes since http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-rdf-testcases-20010912/

Changed the Approved Test Cases table so that it includes links to related files and the Working Group decision.

Removed the Test Cases Not Approved table and added a link to the repository's list of the not approved test cases.

Added links to ZIP files of the repository's test cases.

Specify the Future Work and Contributors sections as Informative.

Renamed token bNode to nodeID.

Added RDF Model Theory reference.

Added URI Encoding section, pointing at Charmod rules and updated absoluteURI grammar rule to use it.

Removed references to Python literals, reason for \-escaping.

Added 4, 8 required digits for \u, \U string escapes.

Renamed section URIs to URI References.

Appendix B: Open Issues (Informative)

• Complete the test cases